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220 oil blocks abandoned amid debt, crude crises

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Nigeria currently has 220 open oil blocks scattered across its onshore and offshore basins, data from the Nigerian Upstream Petroleum Regulatory Commission has revealed.

This is despite its growing debt burden and crude shortages affecting local refineries. The NUPRC data showed that the deep offshore terrain accounts for the highest number of unlicensed blocks at 59, highlighting the country’s underexploited energy wealth in its most technically advanced but capital-intensive region.

The Benue Trough follows with 41 open blocks, while the Chad Basin hosts 40. In the Sokoto Basin, there are 28 blocks yet to be awarded, and the Bida Basin has 16. It was disclosed that even in more mature areas, idle blocks persist.

The offshore Niger Delta, often considered the backbone of Nigeria’s oil production history, still holds seven open blocks. The Anambra Basin has 13 open blocks, while eight each remain unlicensed in the Benin Basin and the onshore Niger Delta.

According to a publication by the NUPRC, 24 blocks were recently awarded from the 2022/2023 deepwater mini bid round and the 2024 licensing round. On the strength of the recorded successes in exploration, development, and production, the commission said it is evident that the Nigerian deepwater terrain is endowed with enormous hydrocarbon resources.

“A testament to the richness of its resources is commercial discoveries and prolific historical productions of the NNPC Exploration and Production Limited’s Abo field, Chevron Nigeria Limited’s Agbami Field, Yinka Folawiyo’s Aje field, TotalEnergies Upstream Nigeria Limited’s Akpo and Egina fields, Shell Nigeria Exploration and Production Company’s Bonga field, and ESSO Exploration and Production Usan and Erha fields, among others,” the report said.

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While saying Nigeria’s deepwater terrain has become the new bride of international oil companies in the wave of current portfolio rationalisation and divestment programmes, it was stated that the deep offshore terrain is largely underexplored due to its complexity.

“Characteristically, the deep offshore terrain presents complexity in accessibility, technology, investment, and facility deployment, which potentially explains its status as largely underexplored and underdeveloped.

“Empirical data indicates that there are about 59 open block opportunities in deep offshore Nigeria, which accounts for about 27 per cent of total open blocks in Nigeria and 80 per cent of open blocks in the prolific Niger Delta and its offshore terrains,” it stated.

As of January 1, 2025, the deepwater terrain reportedly contributed approximately 19 per cent and 12 per cent of oil and gas reserves in Nigeria, respectively. Industry analysts said these figures point to a serious mismatch between Nigeria’s potential and its actual production performance, its unlocked wealth, and the debt profile.

As a country with high dependence on oil revenues, unlicensed and undeveloped oil blocks impact incomes, causing the country to resort to borrowing. It was learnt that the government’s debt stock hit over N149tn in Q1 2025, and the country continues to depend heavily on imports to meet refined petroleum needs, even as its own refineries suffer from chronic crude shortages.

According to a report by the Debt Management Office, Nigeria’s total public debt rose to N149.39tn as of March 31, 2025, marking a year-on-year increase of N27.72tn or 22.8 per cent compared to the N121.67tn recorded in the corresponding period of 2024.

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The persistent rise in debt stock is attributed to new borrowings by the Federal Government and the depreciation of the naira, which inflated the local currency value of external loans. It was reported that the surge was against a backdrop of persistent fiscal pressures and continued reliance on both domestic and foreign borrowing to fund public expenditure.

A map published by NUPRC revealed vast acreage stretching across Nigeria’s maritime boundary, with most of it untouched. While landmark projects like Bonga, Agbami, Egina, and Akpo represent success stories in offshore development, they are exceptions in a terrain still dominated by unlicensed and undeveloped blocks.

Meanwhile, the commission is planning to push for a cluster or nodal development model to unlock smaller accumulations and cut costs. The commission announced last year that there would be a licensing bid round in 2025, but that has yet to commence as of the time of filing this report.

Aside from the 220 open blocks, the country also has a sizeable number of licensed oil and gas assets that are undeveloped. Over three billion barrels of oil are locked in these undeveloped fields, according to the NUPRC.

In April, the Minister of State Petroleum Resources (Oil), Senator Heineken Lokpobiri, threatened to withdraw oil blocks from owners that have failed to develop them.

Lokpobiri also called on international oil companies operating in Nigeria to ramp up investment in the country’s oil and gas sector, emphasising that the current administration has provided every necessary incentive to ensure seamless and profitable operations.

“We cannot continue to have assets sitting idle for 20 to 30 years without development. If you are not utilising an asset and it remains underdeveloped for decades, it neither adds value to your books nor to us as a country. We encourage industry players to explore collaborative measures such as shared resources for contiguous assets, farm-outs, and the release of underutilised assets to operators ready to invest in production. Otherwise, like any responsible government, we will take back these assets and allocate them to those willing to go to work,” the oil minister said.

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He emphasised the need for IOCs to support local refining efforts, noting that more refineries are coming upstream and will require a steady supply of crude oil. To make this easy and possible, he stressed that ramping up production will enable Nigeria to meet both local and international obligations.

The Dangote refinery said it depends on the United States to get enough feedstock, importing up to 10 million barrels in July.

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TUC rejects health ministry ‘no work, no pay’ circular

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The Trade Union Congress of Nigeria (TUC) has rejected a circular issued by the Federal Ministry of Health and Social Welfare directing the implementation of a “No Work, No Pay” policy and the stoppage of salaries of members of the Joint Health Sector Unions through the Integrated Payroll and Personnel Information System from January 2026.

The circular, signed by the Director of Hospital Services in the ministry, Dr Abisola Adegoke, ordered the enforcement of the policy in response to the ongoing JOHESU strike, which began on November 15, 2025.

In a statement issued on Wednesday and jointly signed by its President, Festus Osifo, and Secretary General, N. A. Toro, the TUC described the directive as unacceptable, provocative and a violation of established industrial relations principles.

The congress said the ministry’s action undermined ongoing negotiations between the Federal Government and health sector unions, accusing it of resorting to intimidation instead of dialogue.

“The Trade Union Congress of Nigeria unequivocally, vehemently and totally rejects the circular issued by the Federal Ministry of Health and Social Welfare on the so-called implementation of ‘No Work, No Pay’ and the stoppage of salaries of JOHESU members through IPPIS, effective January 2026,” the statement read.

According to the TUC, the decision amounted to a gross abuse of power and a deliberate attempt to sabotage negotiations.

“Congress states in the clearest terms that this action is a gross abuse of power, a deliberate sabotage of ongoing negotiations, and a flagrant violation of established industrial relations principles. It represents a return to command-and-control labour administration, which has no place in a democratic society,” the union said.

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The congress warned that the stoppage of salaries would worsen the hardship already faced by health workers amid rising inflation, fuel price increases and broader economic challenges.

“You cannot negotiate with workers on one hand and unleash punishment with the other. This circular is not policy; it is intimidation, and Congress will not accept it,” the statement added.

The TUC further condemned what it described as the “weaponisation” of IPPIS to punish workers, vowing to resist any attempt to force health workers back to work through salary stoppages.

“The stoppage of salaries of JOHESU members—workers who save lives daily—is wicked, insensitive, provocative and profoundly unpatriotic, especially at a time when Nigerian workers are being crushed by inflation and harsh economic policies,” it said.

The congress demanded the immediate and unconditional withdrawal of the circular, restoration of all affected salaries and a return to negotiations within seven days.

It warned that failure to reverse the decision within the stipulated period would compel the TUC to mobilise workers across sectors for decisive collective action.

“The Federal Ministry of Health and Social Welfare must immediately withdraw this circular, restore all affected salaries and return to the negotiation table within seven days. Failure to do so will force Congress to mobilise Nigerian workers nationwide,” the statement said.

The TUC also placed its affiliates, state councils and the Federal Capital Territory council on alert, directing them to remain on standby for further instructions.

It warned that any industrial unrest arising from the situation would rest squarely on the leadership of the health ministry, accusing it of choosing confrontation over dialogue.

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FG orders banks, fintechs to remit VAT on service fees

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The Federal Government has directed all banks and fintechs to collect and remit 7.5 per cent value-added tax VAT on certain electronic banking services, effective Monday, January 19, 2026, according to an email notice issued by payment platforms.

The VAT will apply to electronic banking charges, including mobile money transfers, USSD transaction fees, and card issuance fees, according to an email notice on Wednesday shared with customers by Moniepoint.

For example, if a bank charges N100 to make a transfer, the 7.5 per cent VAT will be applied to that service fee, not the money being sent.

“From Monday, January 19, 2026, we are required to collect a 7.5 per cent VAT, to be remitted to the Nigerian Revenue Service (formerly known as the Federal Inland Revenue Service).

“VAT will apply to certain banking services that include electronic banking charges such as mobile banking fees (transfers), USSD transaction fees, and card issuance fees,” the email read.

Other operators are expected to issue similar notices to their customers in the coming days. Services that will remain exempt include interest earned on deposits and savings, meaning customers will not pay tax on the returns from their accounts.

The NRS, formerly known as the Federal Inland Revenue Service, has set the deadline to ensure that all commercial banks, microfinance banks, and electronic money operators comply with the collection and remittance requirement.

Moniepoint stressed that this is not a price increase but a statutory obligation. “Moniepoint is required to collect and remit VAT to the Nigerian Revenue Service,” the company said in a statement.

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The move is part of the government’s broader efforts to standardise VAT collection on digital financial services and expand revenue generation amid Nigeria’s growing digital economy. VAT on banking transactions is not entirely new; the NRS is now enforcing uniform collection rules across all platforms, ensuring compliance across the sector.

Customers have been assured that the new tax will be clearly itemised, with the VAT shown separately on transaction statements and reports.

In December, several commercial banks informed customers that the N50 stamp duty would be deducted on electronic transfers of N10,000 and above, following the commencement of provisions of the new Tax Act.

The charge, previously known as the EMTL, has now been formally reclassified as stamp duty and will be applied as a one-off fee on qualifying electronic transfers.

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Tax: ‘Give reprieve to people with low income’

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As Nigeria embraces its new tax reform in 2026, the Federal Government has been advised that poor Nigerians should be given tax reprieve because they have a low per capita income.

This advice came from an Abia politician and a US-trained Medical Doctor, Chief Dr. John K. Nwadinobi, at his country home in Amaogwugwu in the Umuahia North LGA.

He said, “When it comes to the issue of taxation, even though initially Nigerians were under-taxed, this was because the federal taxation applied to only federal civil servants.

“But the best thing to do is to spread the taxation scheme so that everybody pays a token, like Pay As You Earn (PAYE). Then, if you don’t earn, in other countries, the federal government reimburses people with low income or no income, a certain amount. But anybody who is productive has to pay something”.

Nwadinobi argued that the process through which the tax reform came into being should have been more thorough.

He said, “Excessive taxation on industrialists can make them withdraw job provisions. These people have already provided jobs, and are they being taxed because they establish a business that provides jobs to Nigerians? Something that the Federal Government could not do.”

He noted that in Nigeria, more than 200 bank branches have been earmarked for closure due to recapitalization demand.

He said, “Why do we need to shut down banks? If you shut down a bank, you have laid down workers across the nation. It will affect the economy of the workers and their children and their wives. It will affect the economy of the people that transport them to the bank.

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“The lady that sells in the restaurant they eat during lunch, the landlord that gives them where to live will be affected. Recapitalization or whatever they call it, is giving a dog a bad name to kill it”.

Nwadinobi noted that viable companies are no longer functional in the country, stating, “I am not in support of shutting down any bank. Capitalize them instead of saying recapitalization, which is giving a dog a bad name to kill it and shut down banks”.

On the issue of Nigeria becoming a one party state, the PDP stakeholder said, “It is the job of every politician to make sure he survives to the next term. Politicians do everything they can to win the same election, and at least complete eight years tenure, like for the President or for the governor. So what APC is doing is not wrong.

“They are making every effort to have people cross carpet to their own party. So it is upon the people, the other political parties, to make sure they cross or they don’t cross. It is a personal decision.

“One-party state will never work in Nigeria. If it is tried, some people will not find favour in that one-party state. They will surely break away. So one-party state will be a political confusion.

Speaking about Abia State Nwadinobi said, “I would not say because I am not in Labour Party, then I am blinded by what is so glaring in other states. Governor Alex Otti is performing. Up from inauguration till date, two years, he has done wonderfully. And that is my submission”.

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