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NNPCL secures N318bn to fund new oil exploration

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The Nigerian National Petroleum Company Limited has received N318.05bn between January and August 2025 for frontier oil exploration, findings by The PUNCH have shown.

This is according to documents from the September 2025 Federation Account Allocation Committee meeting obtained by The PUNCH.

The deductions represent 30 per cent of Production Sharing Contract profits, which are automatically set aside each month for exploration in inland basins.

The Petroleum Industry Act 2021 created the Frontier Exploration Fund, which mandates that 30 per cent of profits from NNPC’s Production Sharing Contracts be channelled into oil search across under-explored basins, including Anambra, Bida, Dahomey, Sokoto, Chad and Benue.

Regulations also require the Nigerian Upstream Petroleum Regulatory Commission to manage the fund through an escrow account and issue an annual Frontier Basin Exploration and Development Plan.

Further findings by The PUNCH showed that the NUPRC in July 2025 unveiled a Frontier Basin Exploration and Development Plan detailing proposed seismic surveys, stress-field detection, data integration, and wildcat drilling across basins in Benin Dahomey, Anambra, Bida, Sokoto, Chad, and Benue.

The plan outlined work such as logging and testing of the Eba-1 well in the Dahomey basin, drilling of a new wildcat in Bida, reappraisal of Wadi wells in Chad, and reassignment of Ebeni-1 drilling in Benue.

Signed by the Chief Executive of the NUPRC, Gbenga Komolafe, the document stated that the outcome of these activities would determine further de-risking of assets and exploratory drilling in line with statutory requirements.

Analysis of the FAAC documents by The PUNCH further showed that PSC profits so far this year amounted to N1.06tn, below the budgeted N1.58tn, creating a shortfall of N518.76bn.

Despite this gap, the statutory 30 per cent deduction for frontier exploration was consistently applied, month after month, producing an accumulated N318.05bn by August.

The monthly trend reveals the volatility of the fund. In January, N31.77bn was deducted into the frontier line, when PSC profits came in at N105.91bn.

The February deduction rose to N38.30bn from a profit of N127.67bn, representing a 20.6 per cent increase on the January inflow.

March provided the first big surge, with N61.49bn allocated to frontier exploration from profits of N204.96bn, a jump of 60.5 per cent on February’s figure.

April, however, saw deductions ease back to N36.58bn as profits slid to N121.93bn, a 40.5 per cent drop compared with March.

In May, the fund received N38.8bn, only slightly higher than April’s contribution, reflecting profit of N129.33bn.

June delivered the lowest allocation so far this year, just N6.83bn, after profits collapsed to N22.77bn. That represented an 82.4 per cent fall from May.

The flow recovered somewhat in July, with N25.34bn transferred into the fund from profits of N84.48bn.

In August, the line shot up again to its highest level so far this year. With PSC profit surging to N263.13bn, the fund received N78.94bn, more than three times the July amount and twelve times June’s contribution.

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Across the eight months, the monthly allocations to the frontier fund varied sharply, from as little as N6.83bn in June to as much as N78.94bn in August.

Yet by the end of the period, the automatic deductions had steadily accumulated N318.05bn into NNPCL’s control for exploration in new oil basins.

The same 30 per cent rule also applied to NNPCL’s management fees, which mirrored the frontier deductions exactly.

In January, NNPCL booked N31.77bn; in February, N38.30bn; in March, N61.49bn; in April, N36.58bn; in May, N38.8bn; in June, N6.83bn; in July, N25.34bn; and in August, N78.94bn.

This brought the company’s management fees to N318.05bn in the first eight months of the year.

Based on the figures, the oil firm got a total of N636.1bn for frontier exploration and management fees.

The PUNCH further observed that the Federation Account, entitled to 40 per cent of PSC profits, also experienced the same volatility.

It received N42.364bn in January and N51.067bn in February. March brought N81.985bn, the strongest inflow of the first quarter.

April saw a fall to N48.772bn, followed by N51.730bn in May. June gave the lowest figure of the year at N9.110bn.

In July, receipts rose again to N33.792bn, before climbing steeply to N105.250bn in August, the largest monthly payout so far.

Year-to-date, the Federation Account has received N424.071bn from PSC profits, still well behind the budgeted N631.573bn, leaving a shortfall of N207.502bn.

The FAAC documents confirmed that while PSC profits generated just over N1.06tn this year, the deductions left the Federation Account with significantly less to share among the three tiers of government.

The pressure has been compounded by the non-performance of NNPCL’s interim dividend line.

Budgeted at N271.184bn per month, or N2.169tn year-to-date, the company has not remitted any amount so far, leaving a gaping hole in the federation’s revenue plan.

The issue has prompted closer scrutiny. The FAAC documents record that a special subcommittee was set up to examine the 30 per cent frontier deductions.

The committee met with NNPCL, the Nigerian Upstream Petroleum Regulatory Commission, and the Central Bank of Nigeria.

At the meeting, NNPCL presented details of exploration activities carried out in all the inland basins from 1999 to date and outlined its intended activities for 2025.

Committee members, however, demanded greater transparency, insisting that NNPCL provide detailed financial records of projects undertaken before and after the Petroleum Industry Act was passed.

The company was directed to submit the information by September 19, 2025, but the documents noted that the assignment was still “work in progress.”

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The Director-General of the Budget Office of the Federation, Tanimu Yakubu, earlier said Nigeria had lost nearly 60 per cent of its gross oil revenue to deductions under the Petroleum Industry Act 2022, which allocates 30 per cent to the NNPCL as management fees and another 30 per cent to the Frontier Exploration Fund.

He made this statement at a stakeholders’ engagement in Abuja, organised by the Office of the Accountant-General of the Federation, to review progress and challenges in implementing the extended 2024 capital budget and the 2025 capital budget under the Bottom-Up Cash Planning Policy.

“Once the Act came into effect without new revenue sources to replace the loss, we lost a sizable part of what used to fund 80 per cent of public expenditure,” Yakubu said.

He added that oil revenues had performed even worse in the first half of 2025 due to low prices and output shortfalls.

Yakubu said he had begun moves in the National Assembly to amend the PIA to recover part of the lost revenue.

During the Federal Executive Council meeting in Abuja last month, President Bola Tinubu directed a review of deductions and revenue retention practices by Nigeria’s major revenue-generating agencies.

The move aims to boost public savings, enhance spending efficiency, and unlock resources for growth.

The agencies include the Federal Inland Revenue Service, the Nigeria Customs Service, the Nigerian Upstream Petroleum Regulatory Commission, the Nigerian Maritime Administration and Safety Agency, and the Nigerian National Petroleum Company Limited.

Tinubu specifically called for a reassessment of NNPC’s 30 per cent management fee and 30 per cent frontier exploration deduction under the Petroleum Industry Act.

He tasked the Economic Management Team, chaired by Edun, to present actionable recommendations to the FEC on the optimal way forward.

The President said the directive was part of efforts to sustain reforms that have dismantled economic distortions, restored policy credibility, enhanced resilience, and bolstered investor confidence.

However, the Petroleum and Natural Gas Senior Staff Association of Nigeria, as well as the Nigeria Union of Petroleum and Natural Gas Workers, rejected the Federal Government’s plans to divest significant stakes in Joint Venture assets managed by the Nigerian National Petroleum Company Limited.

The two unions warned that the move to allegedly amend the Petroleum Industry Act and remove the running of oil and gas from the NNPCL could endanger the country’s economic stability, weaken its oil industry, and jeopardise the welfare of workers.

They stated that the policies are dangerous and capable of bankrupting the Nigerian National Petroleum Company Limited.

The oil workers urged President Bola Tinubu to intervene and halt the plan.

Experts seek deductions

Speaking with The PUNCH on Wednesday, the Chief Executive Officer of AHA Strategies, who is an oil and gas expert, Mr Ademola Adigun, has faulted the 30 per cent allocation of Production Sharing Contract profits to frontier oil exploration, describing it as “unrealistic and too high.”

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Reacting to revelations that NNPCL received N318.05bn for frontier exploration in just eight months without paying dividends to the Federation Account, Adigun said the current arrangement was not justifiable under prevailing economic conditions.

“The money allocation is unrealistic, too high. It is not well used now,” he stated.

He backed President Bola Tinubu’s call for a review of deductions by major revenue agencies, including NNPCL, insisting that more revenue should flow into the Federation Account. “I don’t think it’s worth it to continue this way,” Adigun added.

The industry expert recommended that the frontier allocation be cut drastically, proposing that it should not exceed 10 per cent.

“Maximum of 10 per cent is what I would suggest,” he said.

However, an energy law scholar at the University of Lagos, Professor Dayo Ayoade, has cautioned against a hasty amendment of the Petroleum Industry Act, stressing that the law took nearly two decades of negotiations and compromises before it was passed.

Reacting to the revelations on frontier deductions, he said, “It took us 19 years of reform to agree on the PIA, and the PIA is actually a delicate balance of a lot of compromises. The Frontier Exploration Fund, in many ways, was like a counterbalance to the Host Community Trust Fund.”

While acknowledging Nigeria’s urgent revenue needs, Ayoade insisted that NNPCL must give a detailed account of the money it has collected for frontier exploration.

“It was one of the biggest problems I had with the PIA because I knew that 30 per cent of PSC profits going into just exploration was too high. I would rather that exploration be liberalised and put in the hands of the private sector,” he explained.

He suggested that private investors willing to take the risk of exploring frontier basins should be offered strong tax and operational incentives, instead of government using public funds through NNPCL.

“There should not be any NNPCL spending government money on this project,” Ayoade added.

The scholar also warned that the current funding model posed risks to fiscal federalism and undermined NNPCL’s commercial credibility.

“The funding structure is not really sustainable, and that is the truth. NNPCL is not really a commercial company. All it does is act as a middleman for government and collect money it has not really earned,” he argued, adding that the company should be judged by profits generated from its own fields and operations rather than from joint ventures or production sharing arrangements.

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Soludo Reopens Onitsha Main Market, Warns Traders Against Monday Sit-At-Home

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The Anambra State Governor, Chukwuma Soludo, has ordered the reopening of the Onitsha Main Market on Monday, February 2, 2026, for full economic and commercial activities.

The directive followed the expiration of a one-week closure earlier imposed by the state government after traders failed to comply with the directive to ignore the Monday sit-at-home order enforced by the outlawed Indigenous People of Biafra.

Governor Soludo gave the order during an on-the-spot assessment of the market, which he undertook alongside top government officials and security personnel.

The governor had ordered the temporary shutdown of the commercial hub after observing continued compliance by traders with the sit-at-home order, despite repeated assurances by the government and security agencies that the restriction had been lifted.

Soludo warned at the time that the closure could be extended if traders failed to resume business activities on Mondays, adding that security agencies were deployed to seal the market to enforce the decision.

The closure sparked protests in Onitsha, as traders took to major streets in the commercial city, demanding the immediate reopening of the market.

Videos circulating on social media showed traders marching with placards and chanting solidarity songs as they protested what they described as the disruption of their means of livelihood.

In a statement issued on Sunday, the Commissioner for Information, Dr Law Mefor, confirmed that the one-week closure had elapsed and directed traders to return to business.

“This is to inform the general public that the closure of Onitsha Main Market, ordered by Mr Governor, Prof. Chukwuma Soludo, lapses this weekend,” the statement read.

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“Accordingly, all traders are hereby directed to resume business as usual on Monday, February 2, 2026, as there is no longer any form of sit-at-home on Mondays in Anambra State.”

Mefor urged traders and residents to disregard threats from non-state actors, assuring them of adequate security across the state.

“Ndị Anambra and residents are assured of adequate security and are encouraged to report any security concerns to 5111,” he said.

The commissioner also reminded civil servants and teachers that the state’s pro-rata salary policy remains in force.

“Meanwhile, civil servants and teachers are reminded that the pro-rata salary system remains in force, no work on Monday, no pay,” the statement added.

Parents were also advised to ensure their children attend school on Mondays to avoid sanctions.

Meanwhile, a faction of the Indigenous People of Biafra has declared a one-day sit-at-home across the South-East on Monday, February 2.

In a statement issued on Friday, the group’s spokesperson, Emma Powerful, said the directive was in protest against the closure of the Onitsha Main Market by Governor Soludo.

“The Indigenous People of Biafra (IPOB), under the resolute and prophetic leadership of our leader, Mazi Nnamdi Kanu, hereby declares a Biafra-wide solidarity strike, a complete lockdown of all economic activities across Igboland and wider Biafran territories, on Monday, 2 February 2026,” he said.

Powerful described the governor’s action as “tyrannical,” insisting that the sit-at-home was a voluntary protest.

“This strike is not enforcement; it is a voluntary, collective expression of outrage and solidarity with the hardworking traders of Onitsha, whose livelihoods are now under direct assault by a governor who has chosen to act as an enforcer for anti-Biafran interests rather than a servant of his people,” he stated.

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The IPOB directive has reportedly triggered fresh anxiety across Abia, Anambra, Ebonyi, Enugu, and Imo states over the safety of lives and property.

In Anambra, however, the Police Command said it was fully prepared to maintain law and order.

The Police Public Relations Officer, Tochukwu Ikenga, said earlier attacks on security operatives and government facilities were carried out by criminal elements seeking to instil fear among residents.

According to the police, “the state government, in collaboration with Ndi Anambra, has now resolved to correct harmful practices arising from the security situation, including the illegal sit-at-home and closure of markets on Mondays.”

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SERAP Sues NNPC Over Alleged Missing $49.7 Million, ₦22.3 Billion Oil Revenue

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The Socio‑Economic Rights and Accountability Project (SERAP) has filed a lawsuit against the Nigerian National Petroleum Company (NNPC) Limited, accusing the oil firm of failing to account for billions of naira and foreign currency revenue allegedly missing or diverted from the nation’s oil earnings.

The suit stems from findings documented in the 2022 audited report of the Auditor‑General of the Federation, which was published on September 9, 2025.

In the suit number FHC/ABJ/CS/195/2026 filed last Friday at the Federal High Court in Abuja, SERAP is seeking: “an order of mandamus to direct and compel the NNPCL to account for the alleged missing or diverted N22.3 billion, USD$49.7 million, £14.3 million, and €5.2 million oil money.”

SERAP is asking the court to “direct and compel the NNPCL to disclose the specific financial transactions carried out in respect of the alleged missing or diverted N22.3 billion, USD$49.7 million, £14.3 million and €5.2 million oil money, including details of disbursement, the contractors, and other individuals who collected the money.”

In the suit, SERAP is arguing that, “The diverted or misappropriated oil revenues reflect a failure of NNPCL accountability more generally and are directly linked to the institution’s continuing failure to uphold the principles of transparency and accountability.”

SERAP is also arguing that, “granting the reliefs sought would strike a blow against the impunity of those responsible for the missing or diverted oil money, and ensure that the money is returned for the sake of NNPCL’s victims, Nigerians.”

SERAP said, “The allegations have also undermined the economic development of the country, trapped the majority of Nigerians in poverty, and deprived them of opportunities.”

According to SERAP, “The Auditor-General has for many years documented reports of disappearance of oil money from the NNPCL. Nigerians continue to bear the brunt of this missing oil money meant to provide essential public services for Nigerians.”

SERAP is also arguing that, “Combating the corruption epidemic in the oil sector would alleviate poverty, improve access of Nigerians to basic public goods and services, and enhance the ability of the government to meet its human rights and anti-corruption obligations.”

The lawsuit filed on behalf of SERAP by its lawyers, Oluwakemi Agunbiade and Valentina Adegoke, read in part: “The diverted or misappropriated oil revenues have further damaged the already precarious economy and contributed to very high levels of deficit spending and borrowing by the government.”

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“Despite the country’s enormous oil wealth, ordinary Nigerians have derived very little benefit from oil money primarily because of the widespread grand corruption, including in the NNPCL, and the entrenched culture of impunity of perpetrators.”

“The grim allegations by the Auditor-General suggest a grave violation of the public trust and the provisions of the Nigerian Constitution, national anticorruption laws, and the country’s international human rights and anticorruption obligations.”

“According to the 2022 audited report by the Auditor General of the Federation, published on 9 September 2025, the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation Limited (NNPCL) failed to account for over ₦22.3 billion, $49.7 million, £14.3 million and €5.2 million oil money.”

“The NNPCL in 2020 reportedly paid over ₦292 million [₦292,609,972.29] ‘for a contract to construct an Accident and Emergency Facility along Airport Road, Abuja.’ But ‘the contractor has abandoned the contract, and failed to execute the job, despite collecting the fee.’”

“The Auditor-General fears the contract money may have been ‘diverted’. He wants the money ‘recovered from the contractor and remitted to the treasury.’”

“The NNPCL in 2021 also reportedly spent over GBP£14 million [£14,322,426.59] ‘to repair its London office.’ But ‘there was no evidence to show that the money was actually spent, and no documents of any spending’.”

“The NNPCL also ‘irregularly paid’ over USD$22 million [$22,842,938.28] to a contractor for lifting 9 cargoes of crude oil.’ The NNPCL ‘failed to explain why the amount due to it from crude from January to October 2019 was only $4,858,997.22 and why the contractor got over $22 million for crude for the same period.’”

“The NNPCL in 2021 ‘irregularly paid ₦2.3 billion [₦2,379,488,622.99] as car cash option to 100 staff’ but ‘without the approval of the National Salaries, Incomes and Wages Commission’, and ‘without any document to show that the 100 staff applied for the cash options and any rationale for the payments.’”

“The NNPCL in 2021 also reportedly ‘failed to deduct statutory taxes of over ₦247 million [₦247,181,597.92] from payments made to contractors and service providers.’ The NNPCL also ‘failed to deduct statutory taxes of over USD$529,000 [$529,863.24] from payments made to contractors and service providers.’”

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“The NNPCL ‘paid over ₦3bn [₦3,445,022,107.40] for various services’ but ‘without any documents or trace’. The Auditor-General fears ‘the money may have diverted’.”

“The NNPCL irregularly renewed a contract for over USD$1 million [$1,801,500.00] for charter hire of coastal vessel.’ The money was paid ‘before the consummation of a formal contract ratification.’”

“The NNPCL also ‘irregularly paid a contractor over N355 million [N355,436,310.42] as consultancy fees for negotiating and securing a waiver to avoid demurrage on abandoned cargoes.’”

“The NNPCL paid over ₦474 million [₦474,462,744.53] to a contractor for the connection of Kaduna Refining and Petrochemical Company Limited to the National Grid.’ The Auditor-General is concerned ‘the money may have been lost’.”

“The NNPCL ‘paid over USD$2 million [$2,006,293.20] to a contractor for the rehabilitation and upgrade of system-depot project’, but ‘without any documents’. The NNPCL also ‘paid over ₦478 million [₦478,505,300.00] to a contractor for the rehabilitation and upgrade of system-depot project’, but ‘without any documents’.”

“The NNPCL in 2019 ‘awarded a contract for over USD$8 million [$8, 211,432.00] ‘for the emergency procurement and installation of custody transfer meters on crude oil and product pipelines at eleven locations.’ The Auditor-General fears that ‘the payments may be for work not executed.’”

“The NNPCL ‘irregularly paid over €5 million [€5,165,426.26] to a contractor for the operation and maintenance of Atlas Cove Jetty Facility’ but ‘without any documents.’ The Auditor-General fears that ‘the money may have been diverted’.”

“The NNPCL ‘paid over USD$1 million [$1,035,132.81] as legacy debt for charter hire of coastal vessels to a company without power of attorney.’ The Auditor-General fears that ‘the money may have been diverted’.’”

“The NNPCL ‘inflated a contract for over USD$1 million [$1,926,497.38] to hire a Time Charter for Carriage of Petroleum Products.’ The Auditor-General fears that ‘the money may have been diverted’.”

“The NNPCL ‘paid $156,000.00 to a consultant as outstanding fee for advising on the financing of the rehabilitation of PHRC’, but ‘the payment is doubtful’’. The Auditor-General fears that ‘the money may have been diverted’.”

“The NNPCL ‘failed to deduct USD$8,355.18 as taxes from the payment of outstanding fees to a consultant for advising on the financing of the rehabilitation of PHRC.’”

“The NNPCL ‘irregularly paid over ₦82 million [₦82,647,151.00] to a consultant for geotechnical/geophysical investigations of the proposed Independent Power Plant Project site.’ But ‘there was no document showing any evidence of payment’. The Auditor-General fears that ‘the money may have been diverted.’”

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“The NNPCL ‘paid over ₦246 million [₦246,196,566.00] for a contract for the purchase and supply of 2400 meters of seamless carbon steel pipe to Warri Refinery Petrochemicals Company Limited.’ But ‘the contract was not never executed and the items were not supplied.’”

“The NNPCL ‘failed to deduct over ₦46 million [₦46,244,033.79] as taxes from a consultancy contract in December 2020 and 2021.’ The Auditor-General wants ‘the money recovered and remitted to the treasury.’”

“The NNPCL ‘irregularly paid ₦200 million [₦200,000,000.00] as settlement for tax renegotiation.’ The Auditor-General fears that ‘the money may have been diverted.’”

“The NNPCL ‘failed to remit over ₦12 billion [₦12,721,000,000.00] into the general reserve fund its operating surplus for December 2020.’ The Auditor-General fears that ‘the money may have been diverted.’”

“The NNPCL ‘irregularly paid ₦152 million [₦152,000,000.00] to a company to execute a procurement contract requested from the Office of the Inspector-General of Police’, but ‘without any documents.’”

“The NNPCL ‘irregularly paid ₦25,000,000.00 as additional consultancy fee on a contract for accounting support.’ The Auditor-General fears that ‘the money may have been diverted.’ He wants ‘the money recovered and remitted to the treasury.’”

“The NNPCL ‘paid over USD$12 million [$12,444,313.22] to a contractor to buy and install new diesel generation set at Mosimi Depot.’ But there is no evidence that the project has been fully executed, despite the fact that the contract specified that the project awarded in 2020 should be completed within 15 months.’”

“The NNPCL irregularly paid over N145 million [N145,933,833.00] for a contract for the operation and maintenance of Electro-Mechanical Facilities in the NNPC Towers. The contract was automatically renewed on a yearly basis without creating room for a fresh contract, where other consultants would be given an opportunity to be considered. The Auditor-General wants the money accounted for.”

“The NNPCL ‘paid 13 contractors over ₦1 billion [₦1,212,192,409.97] for various works between 2020 and 2021’, but ‘there is no evidence of any work done by the contractors as there were no supporting documents.’”

No date has been fixed for the hearing of the suit.

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IMF Ranks Nigeria Among World’s Top Growth Drivers, Places Country Sixth for 2026 GDP Impact

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Nigeria has been listed as the sixth-largest contributor to projected global real GDP growth in 2026, according to the latest figures released by the International Monetary Fund (IMF), marking a significant endorsement of Africa’s biggest economy.

Data from the IMF’s newly published World Economic Outlook indicate that Nigeria is expected to account for about 1.5 per cent of total global real GDP expansion next year. This positions the country ahead of several advanced and emerging economies and underlines its growing role in shaping worldwide economic performance.

The report highlights that emerging markets will be the main engines of global growth in 2026, as many developed economies continue to grapple with sluggish expansion, elevated interest rates, and lingering post-pandemic pressures.

Experts attribute Nigeria’s ranking to a mix of demographic momentum, increased productivity in key non-oil sectors, and gradual economic reforms aimed at restoring stability. Although Nigeria’s growth rate may appear moderate compared to some peers, analysts note that the size of its economy means even small improvements have a sizable effect on global output.

IMF data place Nigeria among a select group of countries projected to have a notable influence on global economic trends in 2026, reflecting its rising relevance beyond the African continent.

Recent gains in telecommunications, agriculture, financial services, and the creative industry, combined with efforts to boost oil output and enhance foreign exchange market operations, have helped strengthen economic activity. These advances have partly countered persistent challenges, including high inflation, currency fluctuations, and infrastructure deficits.

However, the IMF and local economists caution that maintaining this positive trajectory will require steady policy execution, higher productivity, and strategies that convert macroeconomic growth into tangible improvements in living standards.

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Despite these caveats, the sixth-place ranking is being hailed as a positive signal to investors and development partners, many of whom view Nigeria’s youthful population and vast consumer base as major long-term advantages.

As global growth increasingly tilts toward emerging economies, Nigeria’s projected contribution in 2026 reinforces its standing as a key economy to watch, both within Africa and on the global stage.

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