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PHOTOS: The Origin of the Name “Nigeria” Flora Shaw’s Proposal in 1897

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The name “Nigeria” first appeared in print on 8 January 1897 in The Times of London, in an article written and signed by Flora Shaw, the paper’s colonial editor. Shaw—who would later marry Sir Frederick Lugard, the future High Commissioner of the Northern Nigerian Protectorate—suggested the name as a concise and practical alternative to the long descriptive titles Europeans then used for the region.

Her proposal gave a single geographical label to an immense and culturally diverse area under increasing British influence. Shaw argued that a shorter name would simplify both administration and international recognition at a time when Britain was expanding its colonial presence in West Africa.

Derivation from the Niger River

Shaw’s name derived from the River Niger, the great waterway that flows through present-day Guinea, Mali, Niger, Benin, and Nigeria before emptying into the Atlantic.

The origin of the word “Niger” itself remains debated. Some scholars trace it to the Latin “niger,” meaning black, a term used by early European geographers to describe the dark waters or the people along the river. Others suggest it came from a local Tuareg phrase—often cited as egerew n-igerewen—used by peoples along the middle reaches of the river. Because neither explanation can be proven conclusively, historians generally present both as plausible.

Pre-Colonial and Early Colonial Descriptions

Before 1897, Europeans referred to the area with a variety of names:

“Central Sudan” or “Niger Sudan,” reflecting its location south of the Sahara.

“Hausa Territories,” in reference to the influential Hausa city-states of the north.

“Niger Empire,” used loosely in nineteenth-century travel literature.

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These labels highlighted powerful pre-colonial polities such as the Sokoto Caliphate, Oyo Empire, Benin Kingdom, and others, but none captured the entire territory in a single term.

Colonial Context and the 1914 Amalgamation

Shaw’s suggestion came at the height of British colonial expansion in West Africa. By 1900 the British government had proclaimed the Protectorates of Northern and Southern Nigeria, formalising its control over the region.

In 1914, Sir Frederick Lugard—by then Shaw’s husband—oversaw the amalgamation of these two protectorates to form the Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria. The name proposed by Flora Shaw seventeen years earlier became the official designation of the new political entity.

This act of naming exemplified a broader colonial pattern: compressing diverse ethnicities and kingdoms into a single administrative unit for imperial convenience. While the name “Nigeria” would later become a source of national pride, it originated as a tool of British governance.

Path to Independence and Enduring Legacy

The name endured through decades of colonial rule and into the era of nationalism. When Nigeria achieved independence on 1 October 1960, the colonial label became the name of the new Federal Republic of Nigeria, symbolising a modern state forged from many peoples and histories.

Over a century later, “Nigeria” remains more than a geographical term. It is a reminder of how colonial encounters shaped modern African identities and of how Nigerians have since infused the name with their own meanings of sovereignty and unity.

Key Timeline

Pre-1897: Region variously described as Central Sudan, Niger Sudan, Hausa Territories, Niger Empire.

8 January 1897: Flora Shaw publishes the article “Nigeria” in The Times of London.

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1900: British government consolidates territories as Northern and Southern Protectorates.

1914: Lugard oversees the amalgamation; the name “Nigeria” becomes official.

1 October 1960: Independence as the Federal Republic of Nigeria.

Sources
Flora Shaw, “Nigeria,” The Times (London), 8 January 1897.

            Lord Lugard and Flora Shaw

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Ibadan school inter-house sports turns festival as parents rock aso ebi

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What was meant to be a children’s inter-house sports competition took a striking turn on Thursday as parents at Sunshine Schools, Ibadan, Oyo State, turned the event into a colourful spectacle, appearing in coordinated aso ebi and parading like a cultural festival.

The event, tagged “Sunshine Schools Olympics 2026,” reportedly featured the usual track and field activities for students, but videos circulating online showed parents dressed in coordinated aso ebi in different colours, including yellow, blue and white, as well as other traditional styles, likely representing their respective houses, as they marched and danced in organised groups.

Parents of Sunshine Schools students, dressed in yellow aso ebi, march and dance in support of their children during the school’s inter-house sports event in Ibadan on Thursday. Photo: Instagram (@wigcity.ng)
Photo: Instagram (@wigcity.ng)

One Instagram user wrote, “Na Ojude Oba be this o”, referencing the famous festival known for its colourful attire and elaborate parades.

The development sparked a flurry of reactions online, with some users joking about whether the event was for the children or the parents.

An Instagram user, @queenkhalisha2, wrote, “Me I don’t even understand again if the activity is for the kids or parents.”

Another user, @tomiluxuryfabrics, added, “Abeg nah parent dey do inter-house sport abi nah children. Koyemi oooo.”

Some parents dressed in white and other traditional aso ebi styles celebrate their children’s performance at the Sunshine Schools Olympics in Ibadan. Photo: Instagram (@wigcity.ng)
Photo: Instagram (@wigcity.ng)

Typically, inter-house sports in Nigerian schools focus on students competing in track and field events while parents watch from the sidelines, wearing casual or everyday clothes.

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However, the emergence of coordinated aso ebi among parents suggests a growing social dimension to the events.

It remains unclear whether the trend will spread to other schools, but the Ibadan event has already triggered conversations about the evolving nature of school social activities in Nigeria.

Pupils appear in coordinated house colours at the Sunshine Schools inter-house sports event in Ibadan. Photo: TikTok (@officialpagesunshine)
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Ohanaeze disowns installation of Igbo king in S’Africa

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The Ohanaeze Ndigbo Worldwide has rejected the controversial installation of an “Igwe Ndigbo na East London” in East London, South Africa.

It stated that the title is not recognised and lacks legal backing.

The PUNCH had earlier reported that violent unrest broke out on Monday in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa following protests against the coronation, with demonstrators torching vehicles and looting shops owned by foreign nationals.

Video evidence shared on X showed protesters setting several vehicles and buildings allegedly belonging to foreigners ablaze, as security forces intensified efforts to restore order.

The outrage has continued to grow, with foreign-owned properties becoming primary targets.

However, in a statement by its National Publicity Secretary, Ezechi Chukwu, the group expressed concern over tensions triggered by the development, noting reports of attacks on innocent persons and destruction of property.

The statement read, “We express deep concern over the resulting disturbances, condemn the unwarranted attacks on innocent persons and destruction of property and call on relevant authorities to take necessary steps to prevent further escalation.”

The organisation condemned the violence and urged South African authorities to act swiftly to prevent further breakdown of law and order.

Ohanaeze stressed that the Igbo are globally known for their peaceful disposition, enterprise and respect for the laws of their host communities, as it dissociated itself from any conduct that contravenes local customs and traditions.

It clarified that the purported installation in East London “only amounts to a mere nominal observance since it is not backed by any law.”

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The group further noted that, in line with the position of the South East Council of Traditional Rulers, it did not recognise the conferment of the “Eze Ndigbo” title outside Igbo land.

Ohanaeze advised Igbo communities in the diaspora to adopt non-kingship titles such as “Onyendu” for internal coordination to avoid misrepresentation.

It also urged Igbo residents abroad to conduct themselves with discipline and respect for the laws of their host countries, while calling on the South African government and citizens to uphold peaceful coexistence.

The group appealed for calm, mutual respect and constructive engagement among all parties involved.

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Political titans, Dangote attend El-Rufai mother’s burial

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On Sunday, dignitaries from different political divides were present at the Central Mosque, Abuja, in honour of Hajiya Umma El-Rufai, the deceased mother of the former governor of Kaduna State, Mallam Nasir El-Rufai.

From his residence in Abuja to the mosque and lastly to the Gudu cemetery, both members of the opposition parties and the ruling party were present to offer condolences.

Specifically, his successor, Governor Uba Sani, the National Security Adviser, Mallam Nuhu Ribadu, were present in his house and at the funeral prayers.

The two had parted ways politically with El-Rufai, though they were mutual friends before.

Also present were former Vice President Atiku Abubakar, 2023 Labour Party presidential candidate, Peter Obi, former governor of Rivers State, Rotimi Amaechi, former governor of Sokoto State, Aminu Tambuwal, and ex-Adamawa State governor, Jibrilla Bindow.

All Progressives Congress governors were also in attendance, including Governors Babagana Zulum (Borno) and Mohammed Bago (Niger); former national chairman of APC, Abdullahi Ganduje; former Minister of Interior, Abdulrahman Dambazau, among others.

The 16th Emir of Kano, Lamido Sanusi, a former Zamfara State governor, Abdulaziz Yari, Senator Shehu Sani and billionaire businessman, Aliko Dangote, were also present.

At the interment of Hajiya El-Rufai at the Gudu Cemetery, Abuja, on Sunday, the former Minister of Communications and Digital Economy, Isa Pantami, held the two estranged friends (El-Rufai and Sani) by their shoulders and spoke a few words capable of melting the hardest of hearts.

Looking across his shoulders, he said, “Let us focus on the things that unite us because they are more than the things that divide us.

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This life and everything it contains will end, and the grave is our end. No matter how you strive, you won’t get anything until Allah (God) grants it to you.”

Atiku had earlier announced his attendance in a post on his verified  X handle, saying, “Today, I joined family, friends and associates of Mallam Nasir El-Rufai and the extended El-Rufai family at the Janazah (funeral prayer) of the matriarch of the family, Hajiya Umma El-Rufai.

“May God continue to comfort the family and all who mourn her. And may Allah grant her Aljannah Firdaus. Amin.”

Prominent Nigerians, including President Bola Tinubu, had earlier paid tributes to the deceased.

Tinubu, in a statement signed by his spokesman, Bayo Onanuga, commiserated with El-Rufai, urging him to find the strength to move on in the absence of his beloved mother.

“Nasir, please accept my heartfelt condolences on the passing of your beloved mother, Hajiya Umma, which happened today (Friday) in Cairo. As someone who had also lost an old mother, I share in your grief,” Onanuga wrote on behalf of President Tinubu.

Sani also earlier extended condolences on behalf of the Kaduna State Government and its people, describing the late Hajiya Umma as “a devoted mother and matriarch, a woman of rare grace, moral clarity, and quiet strength,” who embodied faith, patience, generosity, and community reconciliation.

“On behalf of the government and people of Kaduna State, I extend my deepest condolences to His Excellency, Mallam Nasir El-Rufai, and the entire El-Rufai family on the passing of their beloved mother, Hajiya Umma El-Rufai,” Sani said.

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The National Chairman of the APC, Prof Nentawe Yilwatda, visited El-Rufai and his family, urging them to put their faith in God at all times.

He posted, “I visited the home of Mallam Nasir El-Rufai to commiserate with him and the entire family on the painful loss of his beloved mother, Hajiya Umma El-Rufai, who passed away yesterday (Friday).

“The death of a mother is a deeply personal and irreplaceable loss. It is a moment of profound grief not only for the immediate family, but also for all who understand the priceless role of a mother in the life of her children and family.

“Mama lived a fulfilled life and, by the grace of God, leaves behind a legacy through her children, family and all those whose lives she touched.

“At this difficult time, I pray that Almighty Allah forgives her shortcomings, grants her Aljannatul Firdaus, and comforts Mallam Nasir El-Rufai, the entire El-Rufai family, and all loved ones she left behind. May Allah grant the family the strength, patience and fortitude to bear this painful loss,” the APC Chairman wrote.

Also, the immediate past governor of Ekiti State and former Chairman of the Nigerian Governors’ Forum, Dr Kayode Fayemi, expressed deep sorrow over the passing of Hajiya Umma.

In a statement issued on Sunday by the Fayemi Media Office, the ex-governor described her death as a profound loss, not only to the El-Rufai family but also to all who were touched by her life of humility, faith, and service.

He noted that the late Hajiya Umma lived a life defined by strong moral values, devotion to family, and commitment to community—qualities he said are reflected in her son’s life and public service.

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“I received with deep sadness the news of the passing of Hajiya Umma El-Rufai. Her departure is a painful loss, but we take solace in the exemplary life she lived and the legacy she leaves behind,” Fayemi said.

The death came at a time when El-Rufai was in the custody of the Independent Corrupt Practices and Other Related Offences Commission following his arrest over allegations of corruption and money laundering.

He was arraigned before a Federal High Court in Kaduna on March 24 on a 10-count charge, with the case adjourned until March 31, 2026, for hearing of pending applications, including his bail request.

He was released temporarily from the ICPC custody, reportedly to witness the burial rites of his mother.

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