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PENGASSAN fires back as Shettima defends Dangote

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The Petroleum and Natural Gas Senior Staff Association of Nigeria has tackled the Presidency over comments by Vice President Kashim Shettima condemning its industrial action over a rift with the Dangote refinery.

PENGASSAN told The PUNCH on Monday that it would take same action if its members were sacked again.

This comes as some individuals staged a protest in Kaduna, accusing PENGASSAN of attempting to sabotage the Dangote refinery.

PENGASSAN had last week shut down critical oil and gas facilities over allegations that Dangote refinery sacked 800 workers who joined the union. But the Dangote refinery said it only sacked a few workers who were sabotaging the facility, saying this was part of the company’s reorganisation.

But oil and gas workers embarked on a strike in defence of their colleagues, causing the nation losses in oil and gas production as well as a drop in power generation.

The intervention of the Federal Government restored normalcy as PENGASSAN suspended the strike on Wednesday after the Dangote Group was asked to redeploy the sacked workers to other business units.

Despite the suspension of the strike that caused queues in filling stations, the price of cooking gas has yet to return to about N900 per kg, as it still sold for N2,000 in Lagos and other places as of Monday.

Speaking on Monday at the opening of the 2025 Nigerian Economic Summit in Abuja, Shettima described Dangote as an institution and a pillar of Nigeria’s economic development. He warned that Nigeria is greater than PENGASSAN, and no one should hold the country to ransom.

“Aliko Dangote is not an individual; he’s an institution, and he’s a leading light in Nigeria’s economic parliament,” the Vice President said.

“And how we treat this gentleman will determine how outsiders will judge us. If he had invested $10bn in Microsoft, in Amazon, or in Google, he probably might be worth $70 to $80bn by now. But he opted to invest in his country, and we owe it to future generations to jealously protect, promote, preserve, and protect the interests of this great Nigeria.

“I wish to call for caution, retrospection, and a deeper sense of patriotism from both labour and the organised private sector in defining and improving the relationship between labour and industry in the interest of maintaining our steadily improving economic fortunes. It’s not about holding the whole nation to ransom because of a minor labour dispute.

“Nigeria is greater than PENGASSAN. Nigeria is greater than each and every one of us,” Shettima emphasised.

Reacting, the National President of PENGASSAN, Festus Osifo, said the nation was bigger than Dangote and the Presidency as well.

According to Osifo, PENGASSAN had a mandate to protect the jobs of its members sacked by the Dangote refinery for joining the association. This mandate, he said, would be discharged whenever the next arises.

“Of course the nation is bigger than PENGASSAN, the way it’s bigger than Dangote and the Presidency. We have a mandate to protect the jobs of our members, that we will discharge whenever the need arises,” Osifo told The PUNCH.

Osifo, who doubles as the President of the Trade Union Congress, stressed that if the same situation that led to the sack of its workers occured again, it would deploy the same strike action to address it.

“Should this same event occur again tomorrow, our approach will be exactly the same,” he stated.

Asked for his reaction to social media comments that the Federal Government might be pushed to dissolve PENGASSAN because a strike by its members threatened energy security, Osifo responded, “Does the law prohibit workers’ right to strike?”

Similarly, the General Secretary of PENGASSAN, Lumumba Okugbawa, said, “Is Nigeria not bigger than any individual or institution?”

Also speaking, the Minister of Budget and Economic Planning, Senator Abubakar Bagudu, said the Federal Government would not relent in its support for domestic production as part of efforts to stabilise the economy and sustain growth.

“The next focus of government is sustaining the reform for achieving growth and development. Inflationary expectations are on the decline, and we shall continue to support domestic production,” he said.

Bagudu explained that reforms introduced May 2023 had helped avert fiscal collapse, ease macroeconomic pressures, and strengthen resilience.

He said the removal of fuel subsidies, deregulation of the foreign exchange market, tighter borrowing discipline and the naira-for-crude policy were bold choices that laid the foundation for stability.

The minister added that reforms were beginning to yield results, with GDP growth improving to 3.4 per cent in 2024 and further strengthening into 2025.

According to him, the government is prioritising agriculture, manufacturing and infrastructure to sustain the downward trend in inflation and ease the cost of living.

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He stressed that expanding access to credit, mechanisation, storage and transportation remained critical.

Bagudu projected GDP growth of 4.6 per cent in 2025 and said the upcoming National Development Plan 2026–2030 targets a $1tn economy by 2030, anchored on sustained reforms, diversified revenue and a stronger domestic production base.

The Minister of Industry, Trade and Investment, Dr Jumoke Oduwole, further said the Federal Government was determined to ensure that trade policies were translated into practical outcomes that boosted exports, created jobs and embedded Nigeria firmly in global value chains.

“The question is not just about policy ambition but about delivery. How does Nigeria translate trade policy from impact to practice, so that within the next three years exporters can begin to feel the impact? Talk is cheap, and it is time to move from words to results,” she said.

Oduwole disclosed that the government had taken concrete steps to deepen trade integration across Africa.

She noted that Nigeria was the first country to implement the five-year review of the African Continental Free Trade Area, inaugurating a central coordination committee in the second quarter of 2025 to provide a clear roadmap for stakeholders.

“We submitted our tariff schedules and indicated interest to serve as the territorial champion under AfCFTA, and that was announced in February. We are aligning private sector dynamism with public reform to ensure Nigeria is not left behind,” she added.

According to her, the ministry has negotiated with countries including Uganda and Ecuador, identifying opportunities for Nigerian businesses in apparel, light manufacturing and cosmetics.

On structural barriers such as high trade costs, congested ports and export rejections, Oduwole said government was working on reforms to cut costs by as much as 75 per cent, streamline agencies, and strengthen standards.

“It is about taking policy from paper to practice and ensuring that our exporters and manufacturers feel the impact. That is the practical work we have been doing in the last 10 to 11 months,” she said.

In his opening address, the Chairman of the Nigerian Economic Summit Group, Olaniyi Yusuf, warned that the way the country treated its domestic investors would determine the confidence of foreign investors in committing long-term capital to Nigeria.

He cited persistent inflationary pressures, high debt service obligations and subdued investor confidence as major obstacles to inclusive growth.

According to him, Nigeria is currently in the stabilisation phase, but he cautioned that progress could be lost if reforms were not deepened.

“Stabilisation has given us breathing space, but it is not the destination. We must consolidate and accelerate reforms deliberately to avoid sliding backwards,” he said.

The NESG chairman outlined seven areas that should guide reform consolidation, including industrialisation, infrastructure, investor confidence, fiscal sustainability, inclusion, institutional strengthening and security.

He added that micro, small and medium enterprises must be supported with affordable finance, stable power and technology to drive industrial growth.

He emphasised that policies must be inclusive and felt in households through jobs, healthcare, education and social protection.

“Dead businesses don’t employ workers, they don’t pay salaries, and they don’t pay taxes,” he warned, stressing that regulators must enable, not stifle, private sector growth.

Yusuf urged policymakers to send a clear signal of credibility and trust. “Nigeria must say clearly: we will protect, not picket, investors,” he said, calling for a national framework anchored on industrialisation, infrastructure, investment, inclusion and institutions to guide the 2026–2030 National Development Plan.

Kaduna anti-PENGASSAN protest

On Monday, scores of protesters took to the streets in Kaduna to march in solidarity with the Dangote refinery, accusing those they called a well-connected oil importation cartel and elements within the labour movement of trying to frustrate the country’s nascent local refining drive.

The protest, themed ’National Unity Against Sabotage: Reclaiming Our Petroleum Sector for the People’, sought urgent government action to protect the multi-billion-dollar refinery from “systematic attacks” by the so-called elements of the oil importation cartel.

The protesters, who gathered under the aegis of Partners for National Economic Progress, converged on the Murtala Mohammed Square before winding through Alkali Road, Ali Akilu Road, Ahmadu Bello Way and Muhammadu Buhari Way, carrying placards with inscriptions such as “Protect Local Refining”, “End Fuel Import Cartel”, and “Support Dangote Refinery.”

One of the movement’s leaders, Igwe Ude-Umanta, told the crowd the Kaduna demonstration formed part of a nationwide campaign that began in Abuja on October 2.

He described the rallies as a national liberation effort aimed at saving Nigeria’s economy from forces he said were determined to keep the country dependent on imported fuel.

This struggle is against the cartel that destroyed our public refineries, killed the textile industry, and now wants to strangle the Dangote refinery. We will not let them succeed. The days of holding Nigeria hostage are over,” Ude-Umanta stated.

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He went down memory lane on Kaduna’s once-thriving textile industry, saying the same pattern of sabotage that gutted that sector was being replayed in the petroleum industry.

“Kaduna used to be a textile hub before the same pattern of sabotage destroyed it. Today, they want to replicate that in our petroleum sector by frustrating local refining. We will resist them,” he said.

PANEP leaders accused PENGASSAN of complicity, describing recent union actions as tantamount to “economic terrorism”.

PANEP urged either an outright halt to fuel importation or the imposition of heavy tariffs to protect domestic refining and related industries.

“Countries that place tariffs are not stupid; they are protecting their economies,” Ude-Umanta said, adding that importers were frightened by the prospect of local refining exposing price manipulation and corrupt practices.

Dahiru Maishanu, who also addressed the rally, said the union’s conduct had gone beyond legitimate labour protest and was instead assisting the importers’ agenda.

“What PENGASSAN did was not unionism; it was sabotage. The Federal Government should have arrested their leadership to serve as a deterrent. We cannot allow people to hide under labour unions to commit crimes against our economy,” Maishanu said.

The protesters demanded urgent intervention of President Bola Tinubu to ensure that local refineries like Dangote are supplied with crude oil on terms equal to those offered to foreign refiners.

“President Tinubu must stamp his feet. Local refineries must receive crude at the same price offered to foreign refiners. That is key to sustaining the refinery and boosting investor confidence,” they said.

They accused the union of blocking the sale of locally produced liquefied petroleum gas and aviation turbine kerosene, insisting those actions were intended to keep prices artificially high and preserve monopoly profits.

“They are punishing Nigerians to protect their greed. How can importers compete with producers? They are scared because local refining will expose their fraud and end their control over pricing,” Maishanu said.

The demonstrators praised the Dangote refinery for what they called its early impact on prices of Premium Motor Spirit and diesel, saying ordinary Nigerians were already “breathing fresh air” because of local refining.

They warned that if the refinery were undermined, the consequences would be severe for investor confidence and the wider economy.

“This movement is about economic salvation. If we allow them to kill the Dangote refinery, no investor will ever risk bringing money into this country again. We must protect this refinery as our own,” Maishanu said.

They called on the Federal Government to “crush every enemy of Nigeria’s economic progress,” urging swift policy and enforcement actions that would protect local refining capacity and punish those found to be undermining it.

In reaction, the PENGASSAN president Osifo said the protesters are “ignorant people” while Okugbawa added that “it’s their constitutional right to protest.”

PENGASSAN dissolves NGIC

The national body of PENGASSAN has reportedly dissolved its Nigerian Gas Infrastructure Company and Nigerian Gas Marketing Limited chapter for failing to shut off gas supply to the Dangote refinery during the crisis last week.

But the unit appealed the dissolution, faulting the union’s national secretariat over what it described as an unjust sanction tied to the failed attempt to shut down gas supply to the Dangote refinery.

In a formal petition to the national leadership of PENGASSAN obtained on Monday, the NGIC/NGML Congress said it received the dissolution directive “with shock and dampened spirit”, arguing that the affected executives made concerted efforts to execute the national strike order but were hindered by operational hazards and the heavy presence of security personnel at key gas facilities.

Giving a response to the dissolution, members of the union, in a petition signed by 163 members, called for the reinstatement of the officials.

The letter read in part, “We, the members of congress of NGIC/NGML PENGASSAN Branch, write to formally appeal the decision of the National PENGASSAN Secretariat to dissolve our branch leadership over perceived acts of sabotage relating to their inability to successfully execute the shutdown mandate of gas supply to Dangote refinery.

“We received the decision with shock and dampened spirit, given the effort the leadership and mobilised members of the branch put in to ensure the mandate was successfully carried out, despite several intimidation and assaults they faced all through the struggle, with emphasis on escalations at Oben Metering Station, where lives were at risk.”

“Our leaders did more than enough to carry out the directive of the nation despite their lives being at risk. The allegations of collusion and acceptance of monetary gifts from management are without evidence and false,” the congress stated.

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The NGIC workers maintained that their inability to completely enforce the shutdown stemmed from technical and safety constraints, including continuous gas injection from producers into the Escravos–Lagos Pipeline System and malfunctioning emergency shutdown valves at the Warri Gas Treatment Plant.

“NGIC assets and facilities are complex. The Warri Gas Treatment Plant, for instance, has critical safety concerns, including a faulty emergency shutdown valve that could endanger workers and surrounding communities if mishandled,” the letter explained.

The members also debunked reports suggesting a total shutdown of gas supply to the Dangote refinery.

According to the executives, at no time did they claim that the refinery had been completely shut down.

They clarified that only some valves along the line and the inlet from the OB3 pipeline through Oben were closed temporarily in an attempt to reduce pressure.

The officials added that the action was intended to cause a pressure drop that could affect supply to the refinery, but the move did not yield the expected result.

They further noted that the information relayed to the national president, suggesting that gas supply to Dangote had been cut off, was premature and based on a misunderstanding of the situation.

“It is also important to state that, at no point did the branch executives tell anyone that Dangote has been shut down 100 per cent; they only said they have shut down some valves along the line and the inlet from OB3 to the line through Oben, and they hope the pressure will drop after a few hours and Dangote will come down, all of which didn’t work out as they had expected. We note that whoever informed the national president that gas supply to the Dangote refinery was cut off had done so in haste to give good news and was impatient to wait for the outcome of the actions our comrades from NGIC took,” it added.

The congress urged PENGASSAN’s national secretariat, led by its president, to review its decision and clear the dissolved executives of the allegations of sabotage and bribery.

It also called for a fair hearing, stressing that punishing loyal members who risked their lives during the industrial action could demoralise others and weaken solidarity in future union struggles.

“We, the members of the congress, kindly note that our branch leadership did more than enough to carry out the directive of the National despite their lives being at risk. They even went ahead to do what management have labelled as “never been heard of in the history of NGIC/NGML, i.e., the shutdown of facilities and damage of assets (please note that NGIC/NGML PENGASSAN have never shut down any customer due to strike action prior to now).

“That they recorded some successes which were limited by the continuous injection of gas from producers to the ELPS and the heavy presence of military personnel, which usually outnumbered them,” the letter added.

Meanwhile, the engineers reportedly sacked by the Dangote refinery for joining PENGASSAN are still awaiting their redeployment letters.

Dangote thanks Tinubu

Dangote Petroleum Refinery commended Tinubu for his timely intervention in averting what it described as “the disruptive actions” of PENGASSAN against the company.

In a statement, the company said the President’s leadership, through his ministers and senior government officials, ensured the restoration of order and stability to the energy sector at a critical moment.

“Dangote Refinery is grateful to the President of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, Bola Tinubu, for his intervention, through his ministers and senior officials, which resulted in the abatement of the disruptive actions of PENGASSAN against the refinery,” the statement read.

According to the company, among the key government officials who worked “tirelessly” to restore normalcy were Nigeria’s security chiefs, led by the National Security Adviser, Nuhu Ribadu; the Director General of the Department of State Services, Mr Adeola Ajayi; and the Director General of the National Intelligence Agency, Mr Mohammed Mohammed.

The refinery also commended “other senior government officials who worked untiringly and determinedly into the wee hours of several nights to avert the declared disruption of Nigeria’s energy sector by anarchists and agents of darkness.”

These, it noted, included the Minister of Labour and Employment, Dr Mohammed Dingyadi; the Minister of Finance and Coordinating Minister of the Economy, Mr Wale Edun; the Minister of Budget and Economic Planning, Senator Abubakar Bagudu; and the Minister of State for Labour and Employment, Hon. Nkeiruka Onyejeocha, saying, “We remain very grateful to these officials for their patriotism and national service.”

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Highest bidder won’t automatically get oil blocks — FG

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The Federal Government on Tuesday said the highest financial bidder would not automatically emerge as the winner of an oil block in the ongoing 2025 Licensing Round, insisting that technical competence and operational capability would play a decisive role in determining successful bidders.

Speaking at the 2025 Commercial Bid Conference in Abuja, the Chief Executive of the Nigerian Upstream Petroleum Regulatory Commission, Oritsemeyiwa Eyesan, said the commission’s evaluation process was designed to ensure petroleum assets were awarded to companies capable of developing them, rather than firms that simply submitted the highest financial offers.

She said the assessment process was rigorous, objective and aimed at securing the best long-term value for Nigeria’s upstream petroleum sector.

“The evaluation was rigorous. It was objective. It was simple. And it was to place assets in the hands of bidders capable of delivering the best overall long-term value. It wasn’t, or it isn’t going to be just about your ability to be the highest bidder.

“We want to ensure that you have the right capabilities to deliver the assets, in addition to having the financial resources to deliver these assets. The team carefully assessed each bidder’s competence and experience, organisational and operational capacity, credibility of their proposed work programme, resource commitment to execution, and the ability to deliver within the proposed time frame,” Eyesan said.

She explained that the commission assessed bidders based on competence, experience, operational capacity, the credibility of their work programmes, resource commitment and their ability to execute projects within specified timelines.

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“Today, the commercial components of the qualified bids will be opened. And as was said earlier, forget whatever you’ve been told, forget whatever you’ve heard, nobody has seen anybody’s commercial bids. And we will demonstrate that today.

“This approach of ensuring close bids is in recognition of the fact that these equities must be operated by credible, competent operators. Not, I repeat, by operators who can bid the highest,” she added.

The commercial bid opening marks the final stage of the licensing process before the successful companies are announced.

PUNCH Online reports that the 2025 Licensing Round was announced on November 11, 2025, in line with the Petroleum Industry Act 2021, with 50 oil and gas blocks offered across seven sedimentary basins.

The assets comprise 16 Niger Delta onshore blocks, 18 shallow water blocks, one deep offshore block, three blocks in the Benin Basin, four in the Anambra Basin, four in the Chad Basin and four in the Benue Trough.

The bid portal opened on December 1, 2025, while a pre-bid conference was held on January 14, 2026, in Lagos to guide prospective investors on the bidding requirements.

Registration and prequalification submissions closed on February 27, 2026, with the prequalification process completed on March 16.

Under the licensing guidelines, winning bids are determined through a weighted evaluation of signature bonus commitments, proposed work programmes and performance security, combining both technical and commercial scores rather than financial offers alone.

The framework is intended to ensure that petroleum assets are awarded to investors with the financial strength, technical expertise and operational capacity required to accelerate exploration and production in Nigeria’s upstream sector.

See also  NUPENG suspends strike as Dangote accepts union’s demands

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FG securities deliver positive real returns to investors

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Nigeria’s fixed-income market is offering investors something that has been scarce in recent years – real returns that outpace the inflation rate.

When investment returns beat the inflation rate, investors gain, as the value of their money grows in purchasing power terms, not just in nominal value. This is exactly what the Federal Government bonds and treasury bills now offer investors.

Headline inflation fell to 15.91 per cent in June 2026 from 15.93 per cent in May, halting three straight months of increases, according to the National Bureau of Statistics showed.

The slight decline has been enough to push the yields on some government debt instruments above the inflation rate, allowing investors to preserve and grow their purchasing power after a long period of negative real returns.

The improvement, however, has not extended to all products. The latest FGN Savings Bond, targeted mainly at retail investors, still offers a maximum coupon of 15.716 per cent, leaving it marginally below the prevailing inflation rate.

But higher sovereign borrowing costs have largely driven the return to positive real yields. At the June FGN bond auction, the January 2035 and April 2037 bonds cleared at marginal rates of 18.34 per cent and 18.35 per cent, translating to positive real returns of roughly 244 basis points above June’s inflation rate.

Likewise, the 364-day treasury bill sold at the 15 July auction recorded a stop rate of 17.66 per cent, still remaining ahead of inflation.

There is a stronger investor appetite as market participants reposition their portfolios.

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Treasury bill turnover increased 137.49 per cent to N1.51tn, while FGN bond turnover climbed 75.91 per cent to N1.20tn in the week ended 19 June, reflecting stronger trading activity across the sovereign debt market.

“Positive real returns make treasury bills and government bonds attractive again because investors are rewarded in real, inflation-adjusted terms,” said an emerging markets expert, Ike Ibeabuchi.

The Financial Markets Dealers Association said pricing in the domestic fixed-income market continues to be shaped by inflation expectations and liquidity conditions, even as several major central banks around the world begin shifting towards monetary policy easing.

Analysts, however, caution that the current period of attractive inflation-adjusted returns may be temporary. A former central banker, Chukwunonso Iheoma, estimates the Monetary Policy Rate to fall to 25.5 per cent by the last quarter of 2025.

Standard Chartered, on the other hand, expects the MPR to decline to 25 per cent by the end of 2026. Chief economist, Razia Khan, said the bank now sees room for 150 basis points of monetary easing this year. An Abuja-based fixed income analyst, Joshua Tan, agreed with Khan, but stressed that impending higher energy prices could kibosh positive expectations about lower inflation and interest rate cuts this year.

Cowry Research expects the Monetary Policy Committee to retain its cautious stance at its July meeting but believes sustained moderation in inflation could open the door to the first interest rate cut in September.

But S&P Global warned that rising energy prices could erode the positive real returns currently available on government securities: “Increases in fuel costs as a result of the war in the Middle East have driven up costs among sub-Saharan African companies, putting upwards pressure on inflation and likely bringing to an end cycle of interest rate easing seen in a number of economies in the region.”

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A Professor of Economics and Public Policy at the University of Uyo, Prof Akpan Ekpo, noted that the MPC would likely maintain the current rate because of the uncertainty created by the US-Iran conflict.

According to GTI Limited, Treasury bills, particularly the 364-day instruments, currently provide the strongest mix of yield, liquidity and inflation protection. In contrast, FGN Savings Bonds remain slightly below inflation, highlighting the widening gap between institutional fixed-income instruments and retail-focused savings products.

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Oil cargoes meant for naira-for-crude deal supplied to Dangote – NNPC

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The Nigerian National Petroleum Company Limited has insisted that it supplied all available crude oil cargoes allocated under the Federal Government’s naira-for-crude initiative to the Dangote Petroleum Refinery, saying there had been no withholding on its part.

The national oil company stated this even as a top management official of the Dangote Group disclosed exclusively to The PUNCH that the refinery was receiving just four million barrels of crude oil monthly under the arrangement, instead of about 13 million barrels envisaged after President Bola Tinubu’s 2024 directive.

The refinery had attributed its decision to switch from naira-denominated fuel sales to dollar transactions to the crude supply shortfall, saying it would also increase exports of refined petroleum products to earn foreign exchange.

Responding on Monday, the NNPC, through its spokesman, Andy Odeh, said the company had fully discharged its obligations under the naira-for-crude policy. “As a 7.25 per cent equity shareholder in Dangote Petroleum Refinery and Petrochemicals, NNPC Limited has a direct and genuine interest in seeing the refinery operate at full capacity. That is not in dispute.

“What the figures being cited require is context. Under the naira-denominated crude supply arrangement, NNPC Limited has allocated 100 per cent of all available naira crude cargoes to DPRP in 2026 — there has been no withholding on our part. Actual off-take in any period is shaped by several variables: crude availability, nomination timelines, and the refinery’s own operational scheduling.

Odeh said the NNPC has met its obligations to the refinery, saying the two parties are resolving any existing gaps together. “NNPC Limited has met its 2026 supply obligations to the refinery. Our engagement with DPRP management remains constructive, and where any gaps exist, we are resolving them together — as the partners we are.

“A fully supplied, fully operational Dangote refinery serving the Nigerian market is an obligation NNPC Limited shares without reservation,” he added.

However, the Dangote Group maintained that the crude volumes supplied under the arrangement were inadequate to sustain naira-denominated fuel sales.

A top management official of the Dangote Group had told The PUNCH that crude supply under the naira-for-crude arrangement had been limited to just four million barrels monthly despite the increase in Nigeria’s crude oil production.

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The official, who pleaded anonymity because of the sensitivity of the matter, said the refinery was now set to export a larger percentage of its products in exchange for foreign exchange.

“Since the traders have brought lots of imported products to the market, we are focusing on exports. We can’t, and we shouldn’t be fighting against the government’s policies,” the source said.

Our correspondent told the official that exporting without adequately supplying the domestic market would not be good for the country, but he responded with a question: “Is issuing massive import licences and releasing forex for imports good for the country, when 45 per cent of our production can meet 100 per cent of the entire country’s requirements in terms of petrol, diesel and aviation fuel?”

When told that the NNPC said it had increased crude supply to the Dangote refinery, the official replied, “Do you think that they will keep quiet if we process the naira crude and export the products? We are getting just four million barrels monthly.”

With the sale of petrol in dollars to local marketers, the Dangote official disclosed that the refinery would now process whatever crude it receives under the naira arrangement and supply the equivalent refined products in naira to the Nigerian market through the NNPC.

“We will account for every barrel of crude we receive against the naira payment by supplying equivalent products in naira. We will do that through the NNPC. The NNPC buys a lot from us,” he said.

The refinery had maintained that the inability to secure the expected crude volumes under the naira-for-crude initiative compelled it to abandon naira-denominated fuel sales and adopt dollar pricing for petroleum products.

Last week, the refinery announced a new dollar-denominated pricing template, fixing the ex-depot price of petrol at $0.779 per litre, diesel at $1.087 per litre and aviation fuel at $0.942 per litre.

The move has drawn criticism from petroleum marketers, who warned that it could increase pressure on fuel prices, although the Nigerian Midstream and Downstream Petroleum Regulatory Authority said the decision was consistent with the provisions of the Petroleum Industry Act, which allows refiners to recover their costs.

Supply worsens

Meanwhile, petrol supply in the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, worsened on Monday with the closure of some major filling stations in Abuja and a fresh increase in the pump price of petrol.

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Checks by one of our correspondents showed that some stations operated by NNPC Limited and MRS along the Airport Road Expressway were shut when visited on Monday.

At stations that were dispensing the product, petrol was being sold at between N1,250 and N1,280 per litre. Bovas sold petrol at N1,250 per litre, while Azman Filling Station at 6th Avenue dispensed the product at N1,280 per litre. Salbas also sold petrol at N1,280 per litre.

The development has further heightened concerns among motorists and other consumers over the rising cost and availability of petrol in the nation’s capital. For motorists in Abuja, Monday’s development meant longer searches for petrol, closed stations and prices as high as N1,280 per litre at outlets that had the product available.

Meanwhile, truck traffic has surged across major private petroleum depots in Lagos as marketers scramble for petrol supplies following the fifth consecutive day of suspended loading at Dangote Petroleum Refinery amid growing expectations that wholesale prices could rise when operations resume.

Expert reacts

Meanwhile, Professor Emeritus of Petroleum Economics and Principal Facilitator at the FUPRE Energy Business School, Wumi Iledare, said the Dangote refinery’s decision to sell petrol in dollars should be viewed within the broader context of petroleum economics and Nigeria’s energy security rather than merely the currency in which products are priced.

According to Iledare, the move is a commercial response to the realities of the global oil market, where crude oil, the refinery’s major feedstock, is traded in United States dollars.

Iledare explained that pricing refined products in dollars enables the refinery to reduce its exposure to exchange rate volatility and provides greater revenue certainty, although it shifts part of the foreign exchange risk to fuel marketers and, ultimately, consumers, where the costs are passed on.

He stressed that the refinery’s dollar pricing would not automatically translate to higher fuel prices, noting that domestic petrol prices would instead become more closely tied to movements in international crude oil prices and the naira-dollar exchange rate.

“Does this necessarily mean higher fuel prices? Not necessarily. What it does mean is that domestic fuel prices become more closely linked to two key variables: international crude oil prices and the naira-dollar exchange rate. If crude prices rise or the naira weakens, pump prices are likely to increase. Conversely, if crude prices decline or the naira strengthens, consumers should also expect prices to adjust downward. That is how a market-oriented pricing system is expected to function,” he said.

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The petroleum expert maintained that despite concerns over dollar-denominated pricing, the Dangote refinery had strengthened Nigeria’s energy security by reducing dependence on imported petrol and improving the availability of petroleum products.

He, however, noted that domestic refining alone could not guarantee affordability, saying fuel prices would continue to depend on exchange rate stability, international crude prices, logistics costs and the level of competition in the downstream sector.

“The refinery has significantly improved the availability of petroleum products by reducing Nigeria’s dependence on imported PMS. That alone makes the country less vulnerable to disruptions in international supply chains and enhances supply reliability.

“This is why I would say that Dangote Refinery can shield Nigeria more effectively from supply shocks than from price shocks. Domestic refining improves energy security, but it cannot completely insulate Nigeria from global petroleum market dynamics because crude oil still has an international opportunity cost, whether it is refined in Lagos, Rotterdam, or Houston,” he stated.

On the implications for the naira, Iledare argued that pricing petroleum products in dollars would not automatically weaken the local currency. “As for the impact on the naira, the answer is more nuanced than many assume. Dollar pricing by itself does not automatically weaken the naira. What matters is whether the arrangement increases or reduces Nigeria’s net demand for foreign exchange,” he said.

He urged policymakers to focus less on the currency in which petroleum products are priced and more on building an efficient and competitive downstream market.

“The real issue is therefore not the currency of pricing. The real issue is whether Nigeria’s downstream petroleum market satisfies the four tests of good public policy: efficiency, effectiveness, equity, and ethics. Those are the standards by which this development should be judged,” he added.

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