“Ladies and gentlemen, This Plane Has Been Taken Over By The Movement for the Advancement of Democracy (MAD).”

On the morning of October 25, 1993, passengers aboard Nigeria Airways Flight WT470 were jolted by an announcement that would become one of the most shocking acts of civil disobedience in Nigeria’s history.

“Ladies and gentlemen, this plane has been taken over by the Movement for the Advancement of Democracy (MAD). Remain calm, we will not harm you. You will be told where the plane will land you.”

The voice belonged to Richard Ogunderu, a 19-year-old fresh secondary school graduate. Alongside Kabir Adenuga (aged 22), Kenny Rasaq-Lawal (aged 23), and Benneth Oluwadaisi (aged 24), they had just hijacked a domestic flight from Lagos to Abuja.

Their mission?

To draw the world’s attention to the annulment of Nigeria’s freest and fairest election, the June 12, 1993.

BACKGROUND

In the year 1993, Nigeria was at a historic crossroad. After nearly a decade of military rule under General Ibrahim Babangida who had banned, unbanned and re-banned political activities, a along-promised transition seemed finally within reach.

A glimmer of hope emerged with the announcement of a presidential election, the first since 1983.
He permitted a presidential elections to hold on June 12, 1993 which is still remembered today as the freest and fairest in Nigerian history. The presumed winner, Chief Moshood Kashimawo Olawale (MKO) Abiola, a wealthy businessman and philanthropist, represented the will of the people.

Abiola, was on the verge of leading Nigeria into a new democratic dawn until Babangida annulled the results, citing vague “security threats” and irregularities.

Nigerians erupt in protests. Cities burned with anger and rage. All Labour unions downed their tools. The nation demand answer.

Under immense pressure, Babangida “stepped aside” on August 26, 1993, handing power to an unelected Interim National Government (ING) led by Chief Ernest Shonekan.

To many Nigerians, the ING was an insult, a puppet regime designed to cover up the treachery of June 12….

That frustration was what MAD sought to amplify. The hijackers chose their moment carefully. Flight WT470 wasn’t just another plane, it carried several high-profile passengers, including:

Brigadier-General Hafiz Momoh, Director-General of the National Youth Service Corps (NYSC)

Professor Jubril Aminu, former Minister of Petroleum

Rong Yiren, Vice President of the People’s Republic of China

The hijackers boarded the flight with terrifying ease. The metal detectors at the domestic wing of Lagos Airport had been out of service since 1987. They smuggled aboard petrol stored in raffia bags, lighters, a tear gas canister, jackknives, and what they later claimed were replica firearms.

Once the plane was in the air, they revealed themselves, poured petrol on the floor and on themselves, and issued their demands: the aircraft should be diverted to Frankfurt, Germany.

Frankfurt was out of reach without refueling. The pilots first tried to land in N’Djamena, Chad, but were denied entry. The same response came from Gabon and Ghana. Eventually, the plane was permitted to land at Diori Hamani International Airport in Niamey, capital of the Republic of Niger. After taking over the plane that day, they handed out printed MAD manifestos to the passengers.

Hours after landing in Niamey, the hijackers released 123 hostages, mostly women, children, and foreign nationals like Rong Yiren. The next day, General Momoh was also freed, as his hypertensive condition worsened under stress. But the hijackers held onto other high-profile passengers, hoping to force the Nigerian government’s hand.

They issued five bold demands:

1. Justice for Dele Giwa, the Newswatch editor killed by a parcel bomb in 1986.

2. An official investigation into the crash of a Nigerian Air Force C-130 aircraft in 1992 that killed over 150 military officers.

3. A full explanation of the annulment of the June 12 elections.

4. The exposure and prosecution of those responsible for the annulment.

5. The official recognition of MKO Abiola as the legitimate President of Nigeria.

They gave a 72-hour deadline, after which they threatened to burn the plane with all remaining passengers on board.

While the hijack played out in Niger, Jerry Yusuf, a little-known cocoa trader and former Germany-based activist, had already introduced himself to the Nigerian press as the founder of MAD. Just a week earlier, he had walked into the offices of The Nigerian Tribune and spoke passionately about restoring democracy, spiritual visions, and his willingness to die for Nigeria.

The interview was published days before the hijack, effectively tying him to the incident. Nigerian authorities began hunting him immediately.

In the dead of night on October 28, 1993, as the 72-hour deadline expired, Nigerien special forces launched a commando-style assault on the aircraft. A brief but intense gunfight ensued.

Richard Ogunderu was shot in the leg but survived.

Ethelbert Nwanze Igwe, a 35-year-old assistant purser on the flight, was not so lucky. He was killed in the crossfire, the only fatality of the hijacking.

The four hijackers and Jerry Yusuf who had been arrested and extradited to Niger were imprisoned in Niger. Yusuf was released in 2000, and the rest of the group walked free in 2002 after nearly a decade behind bars.

Upon their return to Nigeria, the hijackers found a country still spinning in political instability. MKO Abiola had been imprisoned in 1994 after declaring himself President in a bold speech delivered in the Epetedo area of Lagos. He died mysteriously in detention on July 7, 1998, just weeks after General Sani Abacha, the military strongman who overthrew Shonekan, also died suddenly.

At a press appearance after his release, Ogunderu explained why he joined the hijack plot:

“I wanted to leave Nigeria for greener pastures. But then I met Jerry Yusuf, and I realized I couldn’t run from this country’s problems forever.”

He believed the only meaningful way to fix Nigeria was to stand and fight, not flee.

Today, the 1993 plane hijack remains a largely forgotten episode in Nigeria’s long, turbulent struggle for democracy. Overshadowed by the drama of Abiola’s arrest and death, buried under the military boot of Sani Abacha, and erased by the passage of time, the story of MAD is barely remembered.

Even MKO Abiola distanced himself from the hijack, condemning it as misguided. Many activists labelled it reckless. And with the death of an innocent airline staff, the moral ground of the action was heavily debated.

Yet, the hijackers never intended to kill. They said so themselves. What they wanted, desperately was for Nigeria to listen.

A youthful cry, echoing through a country that was no longer listening.

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The story of Orangun Fagbamila Ajagunla,The powerful warlord in Ila Orangun and Yoruba land entirely

Samurano

The ancient city of Ila-Orangun is situated on latitude 8 Degree North of the equator and longitude 4 Degree East of the Greenwich. It’s about 145km northeast of Ile Ife the cradle of Yoruba race. It’s a gateway to both Ekiti and Kwara State and share boundaries with Ora and Oke-Ila Orangun to the north-east, Agbamu, Arandun, Rore and Aran-Orin to the North, Oyan to the West, Otan-Ayegbaju to the South West and Oke-Imesi in Ekiti State to the east.

The principal rivers of the town are: The River Osin, rising in Ila-Orangun along Ajaba road and flowing north-eastern path into the river Niger through many Igbomina towns. The River Aketi, rising behind the Orangun’s palace and flowing to the north. The river Isinmi which flows across Ora road and serves as the source of water for Ila water works which is being treated and sent to the town for drinking. Other rivers include Ogbun, Opopo, Oyi, Omifunfun, Magbon, Aloyin, Takiti, Owada etc.

That Ila-Orangun was founded by Orangun Fagbamila Ajagun-nla, (the progenitor of Igbomina race) a son of the legendary Oduduwa is not a matter for debate. Opinion differs as to how the people got the name “Ila-Orangun”for their settlement. Lets us examine some legends. A version goes thus: the name “Ila-Orangun” was derived from the two settlements, which resulted from two separate events in the life of the founder. When Fagbamila Ajangu-nla was about to leave Ile-Ife to found his own kingdom, his father, Oduduwa gave him half (Ilaji) of his property. Also, the Odu Ifa that directed his exist from Ile Ife was “Ose meji” meaning “Oro mi gun” which when translated means my life plans are straight forward. Thus, the statement “Ilaji ni mo pin, Oro mi gun” later became “Ila-Orangun”.

Another version says that Oduduwa has rarely been blessed with male children; he therefore consulted Ifa which advised him on what to do in order to have a male children. This account goes further that, having carried out what Ifa advised, Oduduwa was blessed with a male child whom he named Ifagbamila (Ifa has saved me) which brings to memory that he offered placatory sacrifice to Ifa before the child was conceived. Also Oduduwa was overwhelmed with joy by this development which he saw as a victory over his enemies. He therefore added other tell-tale names to the one already given to the lucky child. He called him ‘Oran-mi-gun’ (lit. means my cause is straight forward) which was contracted to ORANGUN. Young Fagbamila was born on a day known in the Ifa oracular calendar as “Ojo Ila-ye-fun”.It holds this out as explaining why ILA has come to be the name tag of his ultimate seat of government. (Adebayo 1996).

Anothetr tradition holds that ILA was corrupted from NLA (big). This has been rationalized by calling the fact that Fagbamila inherited all the wives of Oduduwa who were then housed in a mansion. (Johnson 1973:8) Fagbamila was thereafter referred to as ‘ORAN-MI-GUN-ILE-NLA’, the origin of the full title ORANGUN ILE NLA (Adebayo Ibid). Fagbamila Ajagun-nla was a brave, powerful and Great War leader. He led olugbon, Aresa, Onikoyi and Olomu Aperan in various wars, to help his younger brother, Oranmiyan the first Alaafin of Oyo to conquer the Ibaribas and the Nupes. He reigned at Igbo Ajagun-nla on Arandun road. Fagbamila Ajagun-nla according to traditional evidence didn’t die but sank into the ground. In asserting this claim, the existence of a deity called ‘EBORA ILA’ which is in the custody of the Abodiyo, a chief of Ila-Orangun is believed to be Fagbamila’s spirit. However, Fagbamila was succeeded by one of his sons, Amotagesi who reigned for a short period at Igbo Ajagun-nla before migrating with his people to a new settlement christened Ila-Yara. The rationale behind the migration is yet to bne explained by available accounts. However, Orangun Amotagesi was succeeded by Orangun Ogboye, who was succeeded by Orangun Oboyun.

On the death of Orangun Oboyun there arose a serious tussle on the succession bid between Apakiimo (the father of Oke-Ila-Orangun) and his younger brother, Oluokun (who later reigned as Orangun Arutu at Ila Magbon) which eventually led to the ruins of Ila-Yara. On leaving Ila-Yara, Ifa had divined that the spike of ‘Opa Orere’ being carried along their route to a new settlement should not be allowed to touch the ground until they would have got to such spot that they considered suitable for permanent abode. Incidentally, Adegbiji Oluokun’s younger brother who was holding the staff inadvertently dropped it at a point when he was pressed to answer the call of nature; an incident but which was unknown to other members of the entourage. With the menace of earthworm in their later settlement, Ila Magbon, they knew something was amiss and shifted their base on a simple confession by Adegbiji after Ifa has revealed the truth of the matter. Enroute their journey to the settlement, Arutu Olokun got bored with age and commanded the ground to open up, and he disappeared in to its vault together with his Olori and his Babakekere. The spot where this historical phenomenon occurred is known as “Para Oke” and it’s being worshipped by the descendants of Arutu to date. Sequel to this historical event, the leadership fell on Adegbiji who became the Orangun Igbonnibi in the present site now.

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He came from a lineage of warriors and royalty, his father, Olukuoye Ajala was the son of Yamba Bi Ekun, a Bashorun in the Oyo empire during the reign of Alaafin Ojigi. His mother, Agbonrin was the daughter of Alaafin Abiodun I. Oluyole was a farmer, a blacksmith and later, an armorer. In those days, glory and fame were earned at the battlefield, being the grandson of a warrior, Oluyole set out to become a warrior too, he relocated to Ibadan and within a short period he became the Aareago under Oluyedun (son of Afonja) who was the Baálé of Ibadan after Máyẹ̀ Okunade.

In 1835, Shortly after the death of Lakanle, Oluyole became the Baálé of Ibadan, his new position was challenged when the Fulanis raised one of the largest invasion forces in their history and attacked in a war known as the Eleduwe war. It took a large combined Yoruba army made up of leaders like Kurunmi of Ijaye, Oluyole, and Timi Bamgbaiye of Ede to stop them. Although, the Fulanis were successfully repelled, it was at a great cost to the Òyó empire.

Oyo-Ile, the once mighty seat of one of the largest empires in Africa was destroyed and Alaafin Oluewu, his crown Prince, Adeyanju and his great ally, Eleduwe, the king of the Ibaribas, all perished in the war. Oluyole himself and Prince Atiba nearly lost their lives in the battle.

The survivors moved further south, to Ago d’Oyo or Àgọ Ọja and Atiba was installed as the Alaafin, upon his enthronement, he made Kunrunmi the Aare Ọ̀nà Kakanfo and Oluyole the Bashorun, thereby becoming the first Bashorun of Ibadan. Oluyole took on the challenge of defending the ravaging Ibadan, his reign was bloody, he crushed rebellions both within and outside, his battalion acquired many land that is now part of Ibadan.

He established Ibadan as the military powerhouse on which later leaders build upon. His army emerged victorious in the following wars: Ogun Iberekodo, Ogun Oniyefun, Ogun Oke Bode, Ogun Ẹgbẹ.

Oluyole died in 1850 and Ibadan remains a powerful Yoruba town ever since. His statue stands at Béèrè in Ibadan.

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