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Gas firms supply 180bscf to power plants despite N2.7tn debt

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Despite the outstanding N2.7tn legacy debt, gas companies supplied 179.79 billion standard cubic feet of gas to power firms between January and July 2025, valued at approximately N607bn.

A report by the Nigerian Upstream Petroleum Regulatory Commission disclosed that gas-to-power supply reached its highest level in three months, with average daily deliveries rising by 3.48 per cent month-on-month, from 833.86 million standard cubic feet per day in June to 862.86 mmscf/d in July 2025.

Over the first seven months of the year, gas-to-power supply stood at 780.23 mmscf/d in January, increased to 849.37 mmscf/d in February, and rose further to 886.83 mmscf/d and 886.70 mmscf/d in March and April, respectively. The daily averages for May, June, and July were 837.64 mmscf/d, 833.86 mmscf/d, and 862.86 mmscf/d, respectively.

This translates to an average of 24.19 Bscf in January, 23.78 Bscf in February, 27.49 Bscf in March, and 26.60 Bscf in April. In May, June, and July, the volume of gas supplied to power generation companies was 25.96 Bscf, 25.02 Bscf, and 26.75 Bscf, respectively.

It was revealed that the thermal plants consumed the largest percentage of the domestic gas supply, even when many of the power generation companies still owed billions of naira to gas companies. Our correspondent learned that one of the largest power plants in the country owes an international oil company over N500bn in unpaid gas debt. But generation companies said they would only pay the gas debts when the Federal Government clears the N5tn debt owed to the Gencos.

According to the United States Energy Information Administration, 1 cubic foot equals 1,036 British thermal units. This means that the 179.79 Bscf used for power generation between January and July is equal to 186.26 million MMBtu.

With the Nigerian Midstream and Downstream Petroleum Regulatory Authority’s gas-to-power price of $2.13/MMBtu, this is equivalent to $396.74m. At an exchange rate of N1,530 to a dollar, the figure is approximately N607bn worth of gas supplied to power generation companies in seven months.

As of December 2024, it was reported that the Federal Government and some power generation companies owed over N2.7tn in legacy debts to gas producers in Nigeria. The gas companies, earlier in the first quarter of 2024, stopped gas supply to the power generation companies due to mounting debts, plunging the country into weeks of darkness. The Federal Government waded in with promises gas producers said were left unfulfilled.

As gas producers lamented the debts owed by power generation companies, the Federal Government said it was planning to clear the N2.7tn owed to gas companies with royalties.

The Chief Executive of the Nigerian Upstream Petroleum Regulatory Commission, Gbenga Komolafe, disclosed this recently during a Zoom meeting organised by the Minister of State for Petroleum Resources (Gas), Ekperikpe Ekpo, in commemoration of Ekpo’s second year in office.

With the new arrangement, gas companies that are owed by the government for gas supplied to power plants would be settled through the gas royalties they are required to pay to the government. Komolafe stated that the NUPRC played a critical role alongside other stakeholders to address the legacy debt.

Since the majority of the companies that are owed pay royalties, Komolafe added that discussions were ongoing about how to extinguish the debt through royalty credits. “On the issue of legacy power debt, I would like to say that the commission is playing a critical role in conjunction with other stakeholders.

“One of the solutions that has been canvassed is the extinguishment of the legacy debt through royalty credits. You might note that most of the companies that are owed are gas producers; they pay royalties on gas. So, some of the discussions have been, ‘Can such debts be extinguished on the basis of royalty credits that they have?’” he asked.

The NUPRC boss added that the regulator, as the agency supervising production and royalty payments, is providing guidance to the government on how to implement the idea without disrupting government revenue flow.

“The commission is providing guidance to the authorities, both to the Decade of Gas and the minister, on how such a mechanism can be implemented in a manner that is not going to disrupt the industry or even the revenue flow to the government.

“So, being the entity that is charged with the assessment of royalty and the assessment of production, we provide the necessary data and the necessary guidance to address those issues relating to royalty payment and extinguishment of the gas-to-power debt through royalty payment,” Komolafe disclosed.

Speaking recently at a function in Lagos, the Chairman of Geometric Power and former Minister of Power, Barth Nnaji, regretted that despite having over 200 trillion cubic feet of proven gas reserves, Nigeria continues to struggle to supply enough gas to its power plants.

Nnaji expressed deep concern over what he described as a national contradiction: being rich in natural gas but still failing to meet domestic electricity generation needs. “It’s quite perplexing. We are a gas-rich country, yet we struggle to supply enough gas to our power plants. It’s a contradiction that many find hard to understand,” he said.

Nnaji, a former Minister of Power, noted that while the official domestic gas price for power generation was formerly pegged at $2.42/MMBtu, the NMDPRA revised it down to $2.13/MMBtu effective April 1, 2025. However, he said generation companies often source gas from the open market at $2.70 and above, depending on supply constraints and contract terms.

“Because most electricity is generated using gas, and GenCos depend heavily on sourcing this gas from the open market, the disparity between the regulated and actual prices continues to strain the sector,” Nnaji said.

He warned that the pricing gap is worsening liquidity challenges in the power sector, contributing significantly to the over N1tn electricity subsidy recorded in the first half of 2025 and the growing trillion-naira debt owed to GenCos by the Federal Government. According to him, the gas-to-power benchmark being below market realities places an unsustainable burden on power producers.

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Speed approvals, boost deepwater investments, NNPCL charges NUPRC

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The Nigerian National Petroleum Company Limited has called on the Nigerian Upstream Petroleum Regulatory Commission to deepen its investment facilitation role, particularly around deepwater projects, to keep Nigeria competitive in the global energy market.

The Group Chief Executive Officer of NNPCL, Mr. Bayo Ojulari, made the call in an interview published on Wednesday in The Upstream Gaze, a special edition of the NUPRC’s in-house publication, commemorating the Commission’s fourth anniversary.

Ojulari commended the NUPRC for key achievements over the past four years, including the digitalisation of licensing and regulatory processes, improved crude oil measurement and metering systems, the successful conduct of bid rounds that attracted new investors, and progress in gas flare commercialisation and new domestic gas supply obligations.

He, however, stressed the need for the Commission to go further by strengthening its regulatory efficiency and deepening investor confidence in the country’s upstream environment.

“Going forward, I would urge the Commission to continue to prioritise investment facilitation, especially around deep-water projects, and to create even more efficient regulatory approval cycles. The global competition for capital is fierce, and Nigeria must remain attractive to investments,” Ojulari said.

The PUNCH reports that the commission earlier this year unveiled plans to unlock an additional 810,000 barrels of crude oil per day from Nigeria’s deepwater oil fields through a new cluster and nodal development initiative.

If fully implemented, the additional output could raise Nigeria’s total monthly crude production by approximately 2.51 million barrels per day with condensates.

This would significantly strengthen the country’s revenue generation capacity and improve compliance with OPEC+ production quotas.

Speaking on NNPCL’s investment outlook under his leadership, Ojulari said the company’s top priorities include making gas a transition fuel, growing national oil and gas production, and enhancing domestic energy security.

“We plan to unlock Nigeria’s over 200 trillion cubic feet of proven gas reserves to drive power generation, industrial growth, and exports,” he said.

According to him, the company is also committed to delivering on President Bola Tinubu’s directive to raise national crude oil production to three million barrels of oil per day and gas output to 12 billion standard cubic feet per day by 2030.

Ojulari explained that NNPCL’s production growth targets would be realised through brownfield and greenfield developments across onshore and shallow-water terrains, facilitating major Final Investment Decisions in deepwater, and accelerating exploration in frontier basins.

He added that NUPRC’s continued regulatory support remains pivotal, as NNPCL and its partners currently contribute over 95 per cent of national production.

The NNPCL boss disclosed that the company’s deliberate reforms have begun yielding tangible results, especially through the establishment of the NNPC Production War Room, the Industry-Wide Security Architecture, and Periodic Industry Leadership Engagements.

According to him, these initiatives have collectively driven up production efficiency, improved collaboration, and reduced oil theft across major corridors.

“The War Room, launched in mid-2024, has been a major success story, streamlining processes, resolving production bottlenecks, and sustaining base production,” he said.

Ojulari said the Industry-Wide Security Architecture had improved coordination between private security contractors, government agencies, regulators, and host communities, leading to better crude evacuation, terminal recovery, and reduced pipeline vandalism.

He revealed that these efforts have lifted Nigeria’s annual average crude and condensate output to over 1.7 million barrels per day, the highest since 2020, restoring confidence among key industry stakeholders.

Ojulari also highlighted the company’s efforts to enhance domestic refining capacity and ensure long-term energy security.

“We are finalising the rehabilitation of our refineries and pursuing strategic partnerships to promote sustainable value creation and enhance commercial viability,” he said.

He added that NNPCL is supporting private sector refiners such as the Dangote Refinery and modular operators while securing long-term crude supply contracts and expanding logistics infrastructure, including pipelines and depots.

“Our goal goes beyond numbers. It’s about energy security, job creation, and building a vibrant downstream sector,” he added.

Ojulari reaffirmed that the company remains aligned with the Presidential Mandate to attract $60bn in new oil and gas investments by 2030, noting that ongoing collaboration between NNPCL and NUPRC is essential to achieving Nigeria’s production and energy transition ambitions.

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Nigeria imports 15bn litres of petrol despite Dangote refinery output

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Nigeria imported about 15.01 billion litres of Premium Motor Spirit (petrol) between August 2024 and the first 10 days of October 2025, representing nearly 69 per cent of the total national petrol supply during the 15-month period. This is despite the fact that the Dangote refinery started petrol production in September 2024.

Figures from the Nigerian Midstream and Downstream Petroleum Regulatory Authority show that total PMS supply for the period stood at 21.68 billion litres, with 6.67 billion litres, or 31 per cent, coming from domestic refining. The data, titled Import vs Domestic Supply Performance (PMS Daily Average Supply – August 2024 to October 2025), captured supply trends over 15 months, highlighting the gradual rise in local production and a corresponding drop in imports.

According to the breakdown, imported petrol averaged 44.60 million litres per day in August 2024 and rose to 54.30 million litres per day in September 2024, marking the peak of import dependence during the period. This was a time when the Dangote refinery began PMS supply to the local market.

It was noted that imports began to decline steadily, falling to 24.15 million litres per day by January 2025, 19.26 million litres per day in September 2025, and 15.11 million litres per day within the first 10 days of October 2025.

The decline in petrol imports showed that the Dangote refinery is gradually taking a significant share of the market, but this comes with stiff competition from petrol importers, who repeatedly accused Aliko Dangote of stifling competitors with consistent price reductions.

As domestic refining grew consistently through the period, local production, which stood at 6.43 million litres per day in September 2024, increased to 22.66 million litres per day in January 2025 before stabilising around 20 million litres per day in subsequent months. By October 2025, the Dangote refinery was producing an average of 18.93 million litres per day, exceeding imports for that month.

The data also showed notable supply fluctuations across the months as total daily PMS supply peaked at 60.73 million litres in September 2024 before dropping to 44.08 million litres in April 2025 and further to 34.04 million litres by October 2025. The variations reflected shifts in both import availability and refinery operations.

This is an indication that daily consumption has dropped significantly from an average of 60.73 million litres per day in September 2024 to 51.57 million litres in July 2025, 41.86 million in August, 34.86 million in September and 34.04 million per day in the first 10 days of October 2025.

Recall that the Federal Government totally deregulated the petrol sector in September last year, stopping the controversial fuel subsidies which the Nigerian National Petroleum Company Limited was paying on imported petrol.

A month-by-month analysis revealed that the highest domestic output was recorded in January 2025, with a daily average of 22.66 million litres, while the lowest was in August 2024, when no local production was recorded because Dangote had yet to commence production at that time.

The highest total supply was in September 2024 at 60.73 million litres per day, followed by October and November 2024, when total daily supply averaged 56.01 and 55.75 million litres, respectively. By the end of the review period, cumulative petrol imports had reached 15,009.85 million litres, while domestic production amounted to 6,672.44 million litres, giving a combined total of 21,682.29 million litres supplied over the 445 days between August 2024 and October 1-10, 2025.

The figures underline the ongoing transition in Nigeria’s petrol supply structure, showing a gradual but measurable increase in the contribution of domestic refining. However, the data also confirmed that imports continued to dominate the national supply mix for most of the period.

It could be recalled that while marketers insisted on importation, the Dangote refinery has been exporting petrol to other countries, including the United States. The 650,000 refinery has consistently boasted of its capacity to meet local fuel demands while exporting to foreign countries.

Aliko Dangote’s plan for building the refinery was to end Nigeria’s dependence on imported fuel despite being an oil-producing nation. However, marketers have continued to import petrol into Nigeria, competing heavily with the refinery.

Recently, the Dangote refinery challenged marketers to bring their trucks for fuel loading, boasting that it has over 310 million litres of petrol in its ranks. The Vice President of the Dangote Group, Devakumar Edwin, stated that marketers were allowed to bring any trucks for loading at the gantry, as the refinery had enough fuel for the local market and for exports.

“I have more than 310 million litres of PMS as of today inside my tanks, apart from the production which is coming out every day. Bring your tankers. We will load. Any number of tankers you bring, we’ll load. It’s a challenge I’m throwing today. No one can come and tell me I’m not loading. We can load any number of tankers you bring. So, you can see whether I have the capacity to produce or not. We have more than 310 million litres as of now,” he stressed.

The Dangote refinery had in September exported more fuel to foreign nations when Saudi Aramco and others in the Middle East Gulf closed refineries for maintenance.

A senior officer at the Dangote refinery told our correspondent that the $20bn Lekki-based plant exported large volumes of Premium Motor Spirit (petrol), aviation fuel, and diesel to other countries in August.

The official, who spoke in confidence as he was not authorised to speak with the press, said, “We export PMS, diesel and aviation fuel.”

Our correspondent gathered that the Dangote refinery had supplied two long-range cargoes of fuel to the Mideast Gulf region between June and July. According to Argus Media, a heavy refinery turnaround season in the Mideast Gulf was expected to exacerbate an already tight gasoline market in the fourth quarter, prompting key regional suppliers to boost imports.

In February, the Dangote refinery said it sold two cargoes of aviation fuel to Saudi Aramco. Aliko Dangote announced that the refinery achieved a significant milestone by successfully exporting the two cargoes of jet fuel to Saudi Aramco, the world’s largest oil producer.

Dangote said the refinery was reaching the ambitious goals it set for itself as it ramps up production.

“We are reaching the ambitious goals we set for ourselves, and I’m pleased to announce that we’ve just sold two cargoes of jet fuel to Saudi Aramco,” he said in February, adding that since its production began in 2024, the refinery has steadily increased its output.

Some months ago, he disclosed that the oil refinery had begun exporting PMS to other countries of the world. According to him, between June and July 2025, the refinery exported up to one million tonnes of petrol.

“Today, Nigeria has actually become a net exporter of refined products. From the beginning of June to date (July 22), we have exported about one million tonnes of PMS within the last 50 days,” he said.

The NMDPRA also testified that the Dangote refinery supplies an average of 20 million litres of petrol into the local market.

“Without a shadow of a doubt, the operation of the 650,000-barrel-per-day Dangote refinery has changed the supply dynamics, with an average daily contribution of up to 20 million litres, undoubtedly with potential for a future ramp-up,” NMDPRA Chief Executive, Farouk Ahmed, said recently in Lagos.

The data underscores Nigeria’s ongoing transition from heavy reliance on imported petrol to a more balanced supply structure driven by domestic refining. While the country still depends significantly on foreign fuel, the steady growth in local production, particularly from the Dangote refinery, signals a gradual shift toward self-sufficiency.

However, the competition between importers and the refinery, coupled with market pricing challenges, suggests that achieving full local dominance will take time. With refining capacity expanding and consumption patterns adjusting, Nigeria appears to be entering a new phase in its downstream petroleum landscape, one defined by increased domestic output, reduced imports, and the potential to finally end decades of fuel dependence.

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Reps to mediate in PENGASSAN, Dangote refinery dispute

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The House of Representatives on Tuesday resolved to intervene in the recent face-off between members of the Petroleum and Natural Gas Senior Staff Association of Nigeria and the Dangote Refinery, which had disrupted petroleum product distribution nationwide.

The resolution of the House followed the consideration and adoption of a motion of urgent public importance co-sponsored by Kano and Sokoto lawmakers, Alhassan Doguwa and Abdussamad Dasuki, respectively, at Tuesday’s plenary.

Titled: “Need to protect private investment from adversarial unionism,” the lawmakers drew the attention of their colleagues to the significance of the Dangote Refinery, describing it as the largest private petroleum refinery in Africa.

The face-off between PENGASSAN and the Dangote Refinery led to an industrial action which commenced on September 29, 2025, disrupting the operations at the $20bn refinery.

It also led to a disruption in Nigeria’s crude oil production, with a reported daily loss of approximately 200,000 barrels over three days.

The disruption worsened the petroleum supply situation across the country, resulting in scarcity and long queues at filling stations in several states, resulting in severe hardship for millions of Nigerians.

Speaking on the motion, Doguwa, who represents Doguwa/Tudun Wada Federal Constituency, Kano State, stressed the need to protect the Dangote Refinery given its strategic significance to the nation’s economy.

He said, “The House is aware that the Dangote Refinery is a strategic private investment of immense national importance, with the potential to guarantee energy security, reduce import dependency, generate employment, and conserve foreign exchange.

“We are aware that the Dangote Refinery operates within a Free Trade Zone, and therefore falls under the regulatory framework of the Nigeria Export Processing Zones Authority, particularly Section 18(5) of the Nigeria Export Processing Zones Act which clearly states that ‘Employment in the free zone shall be governed by rules and regulations made by the Authority and not subject to the provisions of any enactments relating to employment matters.’

“The House is concerned that actions by labour unions that disregard the legal protections conferred on Free Zones under the NEPZA Act not only constitute a breach of law but also create a hostile investment environment that may deter future local and foreign investors;

“We are worried that if private investments of strategic national importance are continually subjected to unlawful disruptions by adversarial unionism, Nigeria risks not only the failure of key economic assets but also the erosion of investor confidence necessary for national growth and development.”

In his contribution, the member representing Chibok/Damboa/Gwoza Federal Constituency, Ahmad Jaha, urged the House to tread carefully, adding that the call for a probe as prayed by the motion was ill-timed.

Following the adoption of the motion, the House urged its leadership to broker peace between the two parties in the interest of the nation.

It also urged the Federal Ministries of Labour and Employment, Industry, Trade and Investment, as well as Justice, to “Jointly develop and implement a national framework or set of policies to safeguard private investments of strategic national importance from adversarial and unlawful union actions.”

It further charged the Federal Ministry of Justice and NEPZA to ensure full enforcement and compliance with the provisions of Section 18(5) of the Nigeria Export Processing Zones Act in all relevant Free Zone operations.

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