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N804bn arms imports spark calls for local production

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Nigeria spent N804.10bn on arms and ammunition imports between 2020 and the second quarter of 2025, according to data obtained from the National Bureau of Statistics.

Despite moves by the government to expand domestic production, recent data revealed that the import bill remains on the rise, raising concerns about foreign exchange depletion and national security dependence on external suppliers.

This came as local manufacturers increased the call for deeper collaboration with the country’s Armed Forces for the production of some arms and ammunition domestically, stressing that this would considerably reduce the huge FX spent on arms imports.

Foreign trade data from the NBS showed that in 2020, Nigeria imported arms and ammunition, including parts, worth N29.24bn. The import bill surged to N72.50bn in 2021 before dropping to N28.24bn in 2022. In 2023, imports jumped again to N127.16bn. By 2024, it rose astronomically to N520.02bn, recording the highest importation of arms and ammunition in the five years.

Between January and June 2025, Nigeria imported arms worth N26.95bn, indicating that the upward trend had not abated. Data showed that in the first quarter of 2025, arms and ammunition imports stood at N22.08bn, with an additional N4.87bn imported in the second quarter. This brought the total to N26.95bn in the first half of 2025 alone.

Official data showed the depth of the surge when compared with the corresponding period of 2024. In H1 2024, Nigeria imported N11.76bn worth of arms and ammunition, split between N10.72bn in Q1 and N1.04bn in Q2. But in the second half of 2024, Nigeria imported arms and ammunition worth N508.25bn. Split between the quarters: in Q3 2024, the country imported N24.40bn, and in Q4 2024, it imported arms and ammunition worth N483.85bn

Stakeholders react

Stakeholders say the persistent rise in arms imports proves that Nigeria’s local defence manufacturing capacity has not hit its stride despite government reforms. President Bola Tinubu, in November 2023, signed the Defence Industries Corporation of Nigeria Act, which repealed previous provisions and sought to create a robust military-industrial complex through research, innovation, and private sector partnerships.

Two years into the implementation of the DICON Act 2023, reforms are off to a slow start. The import figures show that foreign dependence remains dominant.

Industry players, including the Manufacturers Association of Nigeria and the National Association of Small-Scale Industrialists, Centre for the Promotion of Private Enterprise, argue that heavy imports drain scarce foreign exchange. In separate interviews with The PUNCH, these stakeholders noted that buying weapons abroad often exposes Nigeria to political pressures from supplier countries, a factor that undermines the country’s sovereignty.

Local manufacturers are calling for stronger collaboration with the Defence Industries Corporation of Nigeria. They insist that without scaling up indigenous production, the country will continue to burn scarce resources on foreign procurements while failing to unlock the economic opportunities in defence manufacturing.

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MAN seeks inclusion

The Director-General of MAN, Segun Ajayi-Kadir, revealed that the body was already engaging DICON to expand local defence production. He said, “We are in talks with DICON. And in MAN, we have members who manufacture military hardware. Collaboration is only a foregone conclusion. It would be nice to see private and public sector partnerships flourish in this regard, because this is a strategic as well as an economic game changer for Nigeria.”

Ajayi-Kadir stressed that DICON, once moribund, had shown renewed dynamism since its revival under the new law. He observed that a functional defence industry would address two strategic concerns: national security and economic stability.

He explained that local arms production would shield the country from external embargoes, strengthen territorial defence against insurgency, and save scarce foreign exchange. “There’s no doubt that investing in local arms and ammunition manufacturing would significantly improve the economy overall, in the sense that it is not only in terms of boosting our security,” he declared.

MAN’s DG added that Nigeria ought to pursue arms self-reliance for external sovereignty and internal security. “There was a time in this country that some modern nations refused to sell arms to us,” Ajayi-Kadir said.

“Self-sufficiency, or reduction in dependence on imported arms, will greatly enhance the capacity to defend the territorial integrity and to protect the lives of citizens, particularly now that we are having insurgency and activities of non-state actors. In terms of securing lives and preserving foreign exchange, local production will greatly help.”

Ajayi-Kadir argued that foreign exchange saved from reducing arms imports could be channelled into raw materials, spare parts, and other productive inputs. He added that indigenisation of defence technology could also position Nigeria as an exporter in the medium term. “It will also be able to get us to innovate in a way that we can have military hardware and technologies that are indigenous to us, which we could even export. It will deepen our economic stability and progression,” he maintained.

NASSI, CPPE speak

The National Vice President of NASSI, Segun Kuti-George, linked the ballooning import bill to weak local research and insufficient industrial participation. He noted that while small-scale players had yet to feature prominently in arms production, they could play a critical role if given access to science-driven innovation.

Kuti-George said, “Arms are generally used for defence. And when you have an excess of it, you export. When you are manufacturing locally, you are saving foreign exchange. God help you if your supplier is a friend of your attacker. Encouraging local manufacturing is very important.”

He urged Nigeria to learn from countries that deliberately invest in research and innovation to address security vulnerabilities. He cited Lithuania’s adoption of drone training from basic school and the emergence of private drone manufacturers in Abuja as examples of what deliberate research could achieve.

“We need to pay more attention to science and research. That is the only way forward. Let’s teach science. Let’s teach research in our universities. Let’s stop all these ideas of people just writing pieces and filing them away. We are living in a practical world now,” NASSI’s VP said.

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Kuti-George advised that graduates of engineering and science in Nigeria should be producing machines and prototypes as part of their final projects, rather than submitting theoretical dissertations.

He stressed that linking education to practical research was key to reviving the industrial base. “Where is the machine that you are producing? Are you able to produce a garri frying machine? Are you able to produce something practical? That is the way. We need to do a serious review of our educational system,” he cautioned.

Kuti-George welcomed the government’s recent push on vocational colleges but called for a deeper emphasis on applied research to complement military innovation.

Director of the Centre for Promotion of Private Enterprise, Dr Muda Yusuf, affirmed Nigeria’s need to be self-reliant in defence manufacturing and avoid heavy importation of arms and ammunition. He welcomed the local manufacturers’ quest for deepening their partnership with the government as “a very good thing, and it’s something to be commended.”

He emphasised local production as the path to internal security, stating, “Local production is the way to go anytime and any day. It is good for self-reliance and for internal security. When it comes to security matters, the less import-dependent a country is, the better. Look at the biggest or the strongest countries in the world, they don’t rely on imports for their security apparatus or for their security equipment.”

Yusuf concurred with MAN that an increase in local manufacturing of defence equipment would help to reduce forex outflows and ensure sovereignty. “Building our domestic capacity in arms manufacturing helps with retaining foreign exchange and makes us a lot more secure, a lot more confident as a country, so that if we have security challenges, we can handle them by ourselves without depending on third parties.”

He welcomed the revamping of DICON, adding, “Those who moved in the government to set up a Defence Industrial Corporation of Nigeria, in Kaduna, had foresight. They had the foresight, and the whole idea was to ensure that much of our security equipment, arms, and ammunition are produced here.”

“It’s just that we didn’t follow through,” Yusuf noted, and decried the poor management in the past. “Once, we had to depend on a particular country for some arms or aircraft at the peak of the Boko Haram crisis, and they were giving us conditions before they could sell it to us. They gave us all sorts of conditions that were not properly aligned with our security strategy.”

DICON reforms

The Defence Industries Corporation of Nigeria was established in 1964. Under the 2023 Act signed by President Tinubu, DICON is repositioned. The new law empowers the state-controlled firm to operate subsidiaries, establish a Defence Industry Technology, Research, and Development Institute, and provide a financing architecture to attract private capital into the sector.

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Following President Tinubu’s assent, DICON signed memoranda of understanding with several firms in 2024, including X-Shield Solution Company Limited, Buckler Systems Limited, and Epsilon Bronberg Innovation Limited. The agreements were designed to build a military-industrial complex through public-private partnerships.

In July 2025, DICON announced a $2bn partnership with SP Offshore Nigeria Limited to expand local manufacturing of defence hardware.  Director-General of DICON, Major General Babatunde Alaya, said the partnership aligned with the government’s projection to achieve self-sufficiency in defence manufacturing by 2027. “This partnership will achieve the Federal Government’s projection of achieving self-sufficiency in defence manufacturing while reducing foreign importation by the year 2027,” he stated.

Similarly, the Managing Director of DICON Grey Insignia, Bem Garba, reportedly affirmed that the new law would directly impact the naira by reducing dollar demand for arms imports. “By localising production, we can retain more of our FX reserves and reduce the demand for dollars in the defence sector, easing pressure on the exchange rate. As the industry matures, Nigeria can position itself as a regional defence supplier, earning FX through exports,” he said.

Balancing security

Stakeholders argue that local defence manufacturing is not merely an economic policy but also a strategic necessity. With insecurity ranging from insurgency in the North-East to banditry in the North-West and kidnapping in the South, these stakeholders have cautioned that dependence on foreign arms is a dangerous liability.

Ajayi-Kadir warned that the country’s fragile foreign reserves should not be further eroded by massive import bills. He said, “We have scarce resources that we should have used to buy raw materials, spare parts, and machines that are not available locally for production, but we end up using them to buy ammunition. I believe this is both for a strategic purpose as well as for economic purposes.”

Kuti-George also emphasised that the more Nigeria invests in local innovation, the more it could reduce reliance on hostile suppliers. “If your supplier is a friend of your attacker, it now becomes an issue of who is the highest bidder. So, encouraging local manufacturing is very important,” he said.

Experts say the path to a self-sufficient defence industry will require more than legislation. The local defence industry needs stronger funding for research, stronger collaboration with private manufacturers, and reforms in science education.

For MAN, the next step is a deeper integration of its members into DICON’s supply chain. For NASSI, the priority is building a pipeline of innovators through vocational and research-based education. For DICON, it is expanding partnerships and ensuring that promised targets, such as the 2027 self-sufficiency goal, are met.

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My customers taught me Yoruba – London trader, ‘Olakunle Oshodi’

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You are an Iraqi based in London, United Kingdom, how did you learn to speak Yoruba?

I trade at Woolwich Market. That is where I work and where I started meeting many Nigerian customers, especially Yoruba people.

Many of the Nigerians I met at the market spoke Yoruba when they came to buy things from me. At first, I did not understand what they were saying, so I became curious and started asking them to interpret the words they used. That was how I gradually started learning Yoruba from my customers.

What do you sell?

I used to sell pepper and fruit, but now I sell cosmetics and hair. My business has changed over time, but I have continued interacting with many Yoruba customers at the market. Through those interactions, I have also continued learning the language.

How did you first become interested in the Yoruba language?

About 95 per cent of my customers are Yoruba. Whenever they came to buy things, they would speak Yoruba to me. Instead of just listening to them, I started asking questions whenever I heard words I did not understand. I would ask them what the words meant, and that was how I learnt little by little.

The more I listened to them, the more interested I became. I started enjoying the language because I think Yoruba is a sweet language. That was what encouraged me to keep learning it.

What do you like about the Yoruba language?

I like the way the language sounds. For me, it is an interesting language, and because I hear my customers speak it regularly, it became easier for me to pick it up. I also like the way Yoruba people communicate with me when they come to the market.

How did you get the name “Olakunle Oshodi”?

Oh, one of my customers gave me the name. She is a lovely person, and she is Yoruba. She said the name was good for me, and that was how I got the name “Olakunle Oshodi.”

Do you have any family connection to Nigeria?

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No, I don’t have any family connection to Nigeria. I have never even been there. My connection with Yoruba came through my customers and the people I have met at the market.

How long have you been learning Yoruba?

It has been about three years. I can speak it because I really like the language, so it has not been that hard for me. I have been learning mainly through my customers and through everyday conversations at the market.

What made you decide to speak Yoruba with your customers?

Basically, I just wanted to learn. You know, Yoruba people joke with you and laugh with you. They want happiness, and they are not fake. That is why I love them.

When they come to the market, there is always a lot of interaction. They joke, laugh, and make you feel comfortable. So, for me, learning the language became a way of connecting with them better.

Yoruba people are lovely. Even when wahala comes sometimes, they are still just lovely. I enjoy the way they joke and laugh with you. They want happiness, and that is something I really like about them.

Being around them has also helped me learn more about the language because I speak Yoruba almost every day with my customers. The more I interact with them, the more I learn.

Has speaking Yoruba affected your business?

Yes, it has made the business grow. Speaking Yoruba has helped me connect with my customers better, and I believe that has been good for my business.

When customers realise that I can speak their language, it creates a different kind of relationship. We can joke together, laugh together, and communicate more easily.

How do customers react when they realise that you can speak Yoruba?

They are shocked, and they laugh. I see them happy, and I laugh with them. Sometimes, you can see that they did not expect a white man to speak Yoruba, so their reaction is usually one of surprise. Most of the time, they are not expecting it at all, especially when they first hear me respond to them in Yoruba.

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I enjoy seeing their reaction because you can immediately see the happiness on their faces. Sometimes, they will look at me again as if they are trying to confirm whether I really understand what they are saying. It is always a funny and enjoyable moment for me.

Speaking Yoruba also makes the interaction more relaxed. Instead of just being a customer-and-trader relationship, we can joke together, laugh together, and have a better conversation. I enjoy that connection with them. I laugh with them because it makes the interaction more enjoyable, and I am happy when I see that they appreciate my effort to speak their language.

What goes through your mind when customers are surprised by your Yoruba?

I just enjoy the moment. They are shocked and laughing, and I see that they are happy. So, I laugh with them. For me, it is a nice experience because it shows that they appreciate the fact that I am trying to speak their language.

Has speaking Yoruba helped you gain your customers’ trust?

Yes, 100 per cent. I’m always with them. I spend a lot of time interacting with my customers at the market, so speaking Yoruba has helped me become closer to them. When I speak their language, they know that I am making an effort to understand them and communicate with them in a way that makes them comfortable.

I am not just there to sell something to them; I enjoy being around them and having conversations with them. That connection is important to me.

Have you ever had a funny experience while speaking Yoruba?

Yes, I have. They say, “Ah-ah!” when I speak. They are usually surprised when they hear me speaking Yoruba, and that reaction can be funny.

Sometimes, they cannot believe what they hear. They will react with “Ah-ah!” because they did not expect me to speak the language.

Even though sometimes wahala can come, it is still just lovely being around them. My experience with them has been positive, and they have also played an important role in helping me learn the language.

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Do you think your customers have also enjoyed teaching you Yoruba?

Yes, because most of what I know came from interacting with them. When they speak Yoruba and I do not understand a word, I ask them what it means. That is how I learn.

It has been a gradual process. I listen, ask questions, and then try to use the words when I speak to them. I enjoy the learning process.

What are you looking forward to about visiting Nigeria?

As I said earlier, I have never been to Nigeria, but I have plans to go. I have not had the opportunity to visit yet, even though I have developed such a strong interest in the Yoruba language and culture.

I have a plan to go. I have never been there before, so I would like to experience the country and meet more people. I have learnt Yoruba mainly from people in London, so visiting Nigeria would allow me to experience the language and culture differently.

What does Yoruba culture mean to you?

I love the culture. I love Yoruba natives. My connection with Yoruba has grown through the people I meet and the language I have learnt from them. Even though I have never been to Nigeria, I have developed a love for the culture through my customers and the people around me.

What would you like Yoruba people to know about your connection with their language?

I want them to know that I love all of them, and I want to learn more of the language if I can. I speak well, but I only need time. One day, they will see. I want them to know that my interest in Yoruba is genuine. I did not learn it because somebody forced me to; I learnt it because I met Yoruba people, I enjoyed being around them, and I fell in love with the language.

Source: punchng.com

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Tax reform has reduced burden on low-income earners — Revenue board

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The Joint Revenue Board has said Nigeria’s tax reform has reduced the burden on low-income earners and eliminated multiple nuisance taxes.

The Executive Secretary of the JRB, Olusegun Adesokan, stated this while giving an overview of the progress recorded one year into the implementation of the tax reform.

In a post obtained from the board’s X handle on Friday, Adesokan spoke at the 160th meeting of the JRB in Kaduna State, with the theme, “One Year of Reform: Assessing Progress and Addressing Challenges.”

He said the reform had also provided relief for low-income earners and micro-scale businesses, contrary to concerns that it had increased the tax burden.

“Addressing the misconception that the tax reform has increased taxes, the reform has rather reduced the tax burden on low-income earners, eliminated multiple nuisance taxes while providing reliefs for low-income earners and micro-scale businesses,” he said.

Adesokan said 18 state Houses of Assembly had domesticated the model harmonised taxes and levies law, which was designed to address overlapping and multiple taxation across the country.

According to him, the legislation had reduced more than 50 collection items previously administered by states and local government areas to nine sub-heads.

He added that the law had also abolished cash collection and the mounting of roadblocks for revenue collection.

The Executive Secretary said the measures had recorded significant progress in harmonising taxes and levies across the subnational governments.

The JRB, Nigeria’s apex body for revenue administration, convened the meeting to assess progress under the new revenue regime, identify gaps, and address emerging challenges.

The meeting was declared open by the Kaduna State Governor, Senator Uba Sani, who said the reform had expanded opportunities for domestic resource mobilisation and strengthened the country’s capacity to finance development.

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Sani urged the JRB to identify bottlenecks affecting revenue collection, institutional weaknesses creating friction between revenue authorities and taxpayers, and opportunities for technology to improve efficiency in revenue administration.

He said, “The objective of the reform should not be simply to collect revenue; it should be to build a tax system in which compliance becomes easier, enforcement becomes more intelligent and voluntary compliance becomes a norm.”

The Executive Secretary appreciated Governor Uba Sani for hosting the 160th JRB meeting and for his consistent support of the tax reform initiative. He particularly commended the governor for nominating a member of the Board and outgoing Executive Chairman of Kaduna State Internal Revenue Service, Mr Jerry Adams, as his running mate for the 2027 gubernatorial election.

Sani expressed his delight with the tax reform, stressing that apart from eliminating duplication of taxation, it has enhanced revenue generation.

He observed that the national tax revenue has so far risen to N21.6 trillion since President Bola Tinubu introduced tax reform in 2026.

According to him, the nation’s revenue was  approximately ₦10.1 trillion in 2023,  ₦21.6 trillion in 2024, and about ₦36.8 trillion in 2025.

In his opening remarks, JRB Chairman, Dr Zacch Adedeji, represented by the Executive Director, Finance and Corporate Services, Nigeria Revenue Service, Muhammad Abubakar, said the meeting was a call for revenue authorities to take stock of the progress made, address identified gaps and confront emerging challenges.

He said the ultimate measure of the reform’s success must be improved revenue mobilisation, greater compliance, a better taxpayer experience, and stronger contributions to national development.

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Source: punchng.com

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Rivers oil tragedy: 37 die from toxic fumes

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About 37 persons have reportedly died after inhaling fumes from a petroleum product at a jetty in Okrika Local Government Area of Rivers State.

The incident occurred on Thursday at the Okari Jetty in the Okrika Mainland area, where youths from Okrika and neighbouring communities had reportedly gathered to load a petroleum product from an illegal tapping point.

Many others were said to be missing following the incident, which occurred in the mainly coastal community.

A source in the community told our reporter that more than 100 persons had stormed the jetty with locally made boats while a vessel was anchored at the riverside to load petroleum products.

The source said trouble started while the youths were loading the product, as a strong smell suddenly saturated the air, causing several of them to collapse.

“Many of them collapsed into the river, while others who managed to escape the scene had serious respiratory disorders and were being treated at the hospital.

“As I speak to you, over 37 bodies were identified as Okrika people, while six others were yet to be identified and many are still missing,” the source, who pleaded anonymity, said.

The Youths and Environmental Advocacy Centre also confirmed the incident, saying its network of youth volunteers and human rights defenders in the Niger Delta had reported that no fewer than 37 persons suspected of involvement in illegal oil activities died after inhaling what was locally referred to as “Indorama fuel.”

The Executive Director of YEAC-Nigeria, Dr Fyneface Dumnamene, said in a statement that the incident occurred at about midnight on Thursday at the Okari Jetty.

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“According to the report, no fewer than 37 persons suspected to be oil thieves died after inhaling what is locally called ‘Indorama Fuel.’

“Many others are still missing. The incident occurred during the illegal loading of the product into a ship at a tapping point,” he said.

Dumnamene said the victims had connected a pipe to a tapping point on a pipeline that transported petroleum products from the Indorama Eleme Petrochemical through the Port Harcourt Refinery to vessels that reportedly came every two weeks to load products for export.

He added that the youths inhaled the product while a vessel was loading and they were simultaneously loading it into their waiting boats from the illegal tapping point.

“This led to the death of not fewer than 37 persons. Many are still missing, and some corpses have been seen floating on the river but have not yet been recovered,” he stated.

Dumnamene called on the National Oil Spill Detection and Response Agency to immediately conduct a joint investigation visit to the site of the incident.

He also urged the company that owned the vandalised facilities to provide adequate security for its pipelines to prevent a recurrence.

The YEAC-Nigeria boss condemned the alleged sabotage, warning youths to stay away from oil and gas infrastructure because of the dangers associated with high-pressure pipelines.

He also called for alternative livelihood opportunities for youths in the Niger Delta, including the establishment of modular refineries and the legalisation of artisanal refining.

When contacted, the spokesperson for the Rivers State Police Command, Blessing Agabe, confirmed the incident and said the victims were reportedly attempting to steal crude oil.

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Agabe, an Assistant Superintendent of Police, said no official complaint had been lodged with the command but added that an investigation had commenced.

“The suspects reportedly died in the process of attempting to steal crude oil. However, no official complaint has been received in connection with the incident at this time.

“Investigation is ongoing to establish the circumstances surrounding the incident and ascertain the facts,” the police spokesperson stated.

However, the Commander of the Civilian JTF in Okrika LGA, Igwe Godswill, gave a different account of the incident, saying the victims had gone to scoop petroleum products that had spilled into the river when they were allegedly overwhelmed by fumes from a vessel loading products at the jetty.

Godswill described the incident as tragic, saying most of the victims were youths searching for means of livelihood amid a lack of employment opportunities.

“It is so pathetic that this incident is happening in our community. These are young guys who have gone to search for their daily bread, only for the fumes from the fuel that was pumped to kill so many of our youths under the bridge.

“Many of them were choked to death. These are not criminals or anything, but they went out in search of their daily meal. I am advising the community, the leaders and every other person that we need legitimate jobs in the community.

“These things are risky, but when you cannot feed your children, most times, those risky jobs become the only option,” Godswill stated.

He explained that the victims had gone to scoop petroleum products floating on the water when they were overcome by fumes from a vessel loading petroleum products at the jetty.

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Godswill, however, said about 10 bodies had been recovered, adding that only some of the victims could be identified because of the condition of their remains.

He said, “We saw about 10 of them. Four were still unrecognisable, while four persons were identified. The rest could not be identified because their bodies were badly damaged and their faces were severely affected.”

The Civilian JTF commander called on the Rivers State Government, community leaders and other relevant authorities to create employment opportunities for youths in the area to discourage them from engaging in dangerous activities.

“I am calling on the relevant authorities, community leaders, the chairman and every other person to look into this. It is not enough to stop them because, yes, it is a risky job, but they should create jobs for the youths so that everybody will have something to eat.

“Something that can put food on the tables of these young men, the youths and every other person. I can tell you for free that it will not just stop because when that source is the only livelihood, people will still go there.

“Even as of yesterday, people still went there, despite the fact that we had confirmed that people had died from the same activity. So, we are calling on the leaders to look into it and see how they can create job opportunities, especially for the youths,” Godswill added.

Source: punchng.com

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