Lifestyle
PHOTOS: The Story of Madam Efunroye Tinubu, businesswoman, kingmaker and the first woman to kick against British rule in Nigeria
EFUNPOROYE Osuntinubu Olumosa, later known as Madam Efunroye Tinubu, was an astute businesswoman, kingmaker and the first woman to kick against British rule in Nigeria during the colonial era. She was a major figure in Lagos and Abeokuta (Egba) politics.
Born in 1810 in Ojokodo, currently in Ogun State, Tinubu remarried to Oba Adele Ajosun in 1833 after the death of her first husband. She moved with the exiled Oba to Badagry, which was the traditional place of refuge for Lagos monarchs.
At Badagry, she leveraged Adele’s connections and built a formidable business, dealing in tobacco, salt and slaves. Oba Adele was reinstated in 1835, but died two years after. Before his death, Tinubu had strengthened her trade with the expatriate community, the indigenous population of Lagos and Abeokuta, as well as other communities in Yoruba land.She later remarried Yesufu Bada, alias Obadina, who was Oba Oluwole’s war captain.
Tinubu had a great influence in the palace and contributed in making Akitoye, her brother-in-law, king after Oba Oluwole. In 1851, when Oba Akitoye was fully in charge of the throne, he granted Tinubu favourable commercial concessions, which made her to still trade in slaves for guns with Brazilians and Portuguese traders. She also obtained a tract of land from him, which now makes up part of the current Tinubu Square and Kakawa Street. Tinubu had so much influence over Akitoye that in 1853, two Lagos chiefs — Possu and Ajenia — rose in rebellion against him for giving Tinuba so much privilege.
With the ban on slave trade in the country, Tinubu put more efforts into internal trade, dealing in palm oil, salt, pepper and tobacco. By 1850, she was the leading middleman in the interior of Lagos.
Tinubu played prominent roles in installing and removing kings. She, however, supported Dosunmu, the son of Akitoye to ascend the throne in 1853. Under Dosunmu’s reign, Tinubu had a massive security force, composed of slaves and she sometimes executed orders usually given by the king.
In 1855, she led a campaign against the Brazilian and Sierra Leonean immigrants in Lagos for using their wealth and power against Dosunmu, and for subverting the customs of Lagos. The British Consul, Benjamin Campbell, felt threatened by Tinubus’s nationalistic acts and in 1856, instigated Dosunmu to expel Tinubu and her followers from Lagos to Abeokuta.
In Abeokuta, Tinubu identified with the United Board Management Government and expanded her business activities to include a wide range of wares, such as arms and ammunition. Her influence began to be felt in Abeokuta politics, when she contributed to the successful defence of the Egba town during the Dahomey invasion of 1863. For her support, she was given the title of Iyalode (first lady) in 1864. The title placed her in a position of power, which enabled her to boldly participate in Egba affairs.
Tinubu opposed colonial policies in Lagos. She was the first woman to play a proactive part in the resistance to British rule during the colonial period.
She died in 1887. Tinubu Square on Lagos Island, a place previously known as Independence Square, is named after her. She was buried at Ojokodo Quarters in Abeokuta.
Controversy had it that Madam Tinubu told a slave trader that “she would rather drown the slaves [20 in number] than sell them at a discount”.
She sold slaves to Brazilian and European merchants in violation of a 1852 treaty with Great Britain outlawing the slave trade in Lagos. Her economic hegemony over Lagos and secret slave trading resulted in her coming into conflict with the British, as well as other Lagos merchants. She was exiled to Abeokuta under British pressure after plotting an unsuccessful conspiracy to remove British influence from Lagos. While in Abeokuta, she helped supply the city with munition during its victorious war against the Kingdom of Dahomey, thus granting her the chieftancy title of Iyalode in her honour.
She died in Abeokuta in 1887. The landmark Tinubu Square in Lagos, Nigeria is named after her and also contains a statue of her. She also has a statue in Abeokuta, Nigeria.
Source:
Wikipedia
The Guardian- Omiko Awa
Yorubaness
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Lifestyle
PHOTOS: A Biafran Armoured Vehicle at the National War Museum, Umuahia: Ingenuity in a Time of Siege
Displayed at the National War Museum in Umuahia, Abia State, this armoured vehicle stands as a striking material reminder of the technological improvisation that characterised the Biafran side during the Nigerian Civil War (1967–1970). The vehicle is commonly identified as an up-armoured T16 Universal Carrier, adapted and deployed by Biafran forces in the face of severe resource constraints.
The Nigerian Civil War in Context
The Nigerian Civil War, often called the Biafran War, erupted in July 1967 following the secession of the Eastern Region of Nigeria as the Republic of Biafra under the leadership of Lt. Col. Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu. The conflict was rooted in a complex mix of political instability, ethnic tensions, economic disputes, and the fallout from the 1966 military coups.
The federal government imposed a land, sea, and air blockade on Biafra, drastically limiting access to weapons, fuel, spare parts, and food. This blockade forced Biafran engineers, mechanics, and technicians to rely heavily on local innovation and adaptation to sustain their war effort.
The Up-Armoured Universal Carrier
The vehicle shown in the museum is believed to be based on the T16 Universal Carrier, a light tracked armoured vehicle originally designed during the Second World War. Universal Carriers were widely used by Allied forces and were present in Nigeria during the colonial era.
During the war, Biafran forces modified available carriers by:
Reinforcing them with improvised armour plating
Adapting engines and mechanical components using locally available materials
Reconfiguring them for reconnaissance, troop movement, or limited combat roles
Although such vehicles could not match the firepower or durability of modern armoured tanks, they represented a pragmatic response to isolation, allowing Biafra to maintain some level of mechanised capability.
Ingenuity Under Pressure
The armoured carrier exemplifies what many historians describe as Biafran wartime ingenuity. Alongside makeshift armoured vehicles, Biafra also produced:
Locally assembled rockets and mortars (such as the Ogbunigwe)
Modified civilian vehicles for military use
Small-scale refineries and workshops to support logistics
These efforts were driven by necessity rather than abundance, highlighting the role of technical skill and improvisation in asymmetric warfare.
Human Cost and Global Attention
The war resulted in devastating human losses. Scholarly estimates suggest around 100,000 military deaths, while civilian deaths range from approximately 500,000 to over 2 million, largely due to famine and disease exacerbated by the blockade. These figures vary widely among historians and humanitarian organisations, reflecting the difficulty of precise wartime accounting.
Notably, the Nigerian Civil War was among the first conflicts to receive extensive global television coverage. Images of starving Biafran children broadcast internationally shaped global humanitarian awareness and influenced the development of modern relief organisations.
Preservation and Historical Memory
Today, the presence of this armoured vehicle at the National War Museum, Umuahia serves an educational purpose rather than a celebratory one. It invites reflection on:
The realities of civil conflict
The limits and possibilities of local technological innovation
The enduring human and social consequences of war
As an artefact, it underscores how material culture can help future generations understand both the creativity and tragedy that emerge under extreme historical conditions.
Sources
National War Museum, Umuahia (museum displays and archival descriptions)
Nigerianland, Nigeria History Makers – Pictures
Falola, T. & Heaton, M., A History of Nigeria (Cambridge University Press)
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The city of Oyo is currently witnessing an influx of political figures and traditional rulers for the installation of new high-ranking chiefs by the Alaafin of Oyo, Oba Abimbola Owoade.
Seyi Tinubu, accompanied by his wife, Layal, arrived at the palace of the Alaafin on Sunday.
Alaafin confers chieftancy titles on Seyi Tinubu. Credit: X|adejare_stephen
Alaafin confers chieftancy titles on Seyi Tinubu. Credit: X|adejare_stephen
PUNCH reports that Seyi, the son of President Bola Tinubu, will be installed as the “Okanlomo of Yorubaland,” a title which translates to “the beloved child” or “the one dear to the hearts of all Yoruba people.”
The title is said to symbolise a custodian of Yoruba values, unity, and cultural heritage.
The Senator representing Zamfara West and a former Governor of Zamfara State, Abdul’Aziz Yari, has also reportedly arrived in Oyo, accompanied by a delegation of northern senators and political figures.
Alaafin confers chieftancy titles on Seyi Tinubu, Senator Yari. Credit: X|adejare_stephen
Yari will also be installed as the “Obaloyin of Yorubaland” on the same occasion by the Alaafin.
The Director of Media and Publicity to the Alaafin, Bode Durojaiye, in a recent statement, reportedly stated that the ‘Obaloyin of Yorubaland’ title represents love, compassion, justice, and a bridge between physical and spiritual realms.
Both titles are said to come with responsibilities that include promoting Yoruba culture, advising the Alaafin, fostering unity, and advancing education and social welfare.
Alaafin confers chieftancy titles on Seyi Tinubu, Senator Yari. Credit: X|adejare_stephen
Videos circulating on social media reveal that the venue of the event is set, capturing the presence of several notable figures, including former Governor of Kano State, Abdullahi Ganduje, lawmakers, and a diverse assembly of traditional rulers and chiefs.
Watch videos below:
Credits: PUNCHNG
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