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PHOTOS: HOW NIGERIA WAS SOLD TO THE BRITISH FOR £865,000 IN 1899

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This is not just the story of colonial conquest. It is the story of the first OIL WAR, a war not fought over petroleum, but over palm oil, in the territories that would later become Nigeria.

Before the first drop of crude was ever drilled in Oloibiri, there was already a fierce battle for control over a different kind of oil: the red gold of the tropics.

In the 19th century, as the Industrial Revolution thundered across Britain and Europe, the demand for lubricants to keep machines running was insatiable. And at the heart of that demand was palm oil, a sticky red substance extracted from the fruit of a native African tree. This oil was used to grease machines, produce candles, soaps, etc.

The Niger Delta, then part of the region Europeans called the “Oil Rivers,” was the world’s richest source of this commodity. For centuries, the same Delta had served as a major slave-exporting hub, but by the 1870s, as abolition gained ground, slaves were replaced by palm oil as the primary export. The coast once known for bondage was now valued for commerce. African traders, many of them former slaves or descendants of returnees, became immensely wealthy. One of the most famous among them was King Jaja of Opobo, a self-made merchant-king who built a thriving trade empire on the strength of palm oil and personal diplomacy. These African merchants understood global trade and negotiated directly with European companies.

But African prosperity was never allowed to grow unchecked for long. By the late 1800s, European commercial rivalry was boiling over into political intrigue. British, French, and German merchants vied for dominance in the West African market. In 1879, a Cornishman named George Taubman Goldie began consolidating several British trading firms into a single entity. He formed the United African Company (UAC). With this company, Goldie initially envisioned dominating the palm oil trade on the Niger River. After that, he envisioned something more than trade, he wanted sovereignty.

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Through aggressive expansion, Goldie’s company secured treaties with local chiefs along the Niger and Benue Rivers, gaining de facto control of vast inland territories. By 1884, Goldie’s company operated about 30 trading posts and used its economic leverage to argue at the Berlin Conference (the infamous 1884–85 summit where European powers divided Africa among themselves) that Britain should be awarded exclusive rights to the Niger Basin.

The British won the argument. The next year, in 1886, Goldie’s company received a Royal Charter from the British Crown, becoming the Royal Niger Company (RNC), a private corporation with governmental powers, similar to the old British East India Company. It could make treaties, raise its own military force, collect taxes, administer justice, and govern the vast areas along the Niger and Benue Rivers.

In effect, Nigeria was not yet a British colony, it was a private corporate colony ruled by a for-profit company headquartered in London.

To the local chiefs, the new company agents spoke of free trade and mutual prosperity. But behind these assurances were binding English contracts designed to establish monopolies, giving the company exclusive trading rights and ceding sovereignty to the British Crown. This meant the chiefs could only sell palm oil to the Royal Niger Company. Any attempt to export independently was treated as economic rebellion. Many chiefs, including King Jaja of Opobo, resisted.

King Jaja of Opobo was one such rebel. Despite his previous cooperation with the British, he refused to be dictated to. When he began exporting palm oil directly to Liverpool merchants, he was arrested in 1887, exiled to the West Indies, and never saw his kingdom again. He died in 1891 on his way home, allegedly poisoned with a cup of tea.

By the 1890s, resistance was rising. In the kingdom of Nembe, in today’s Bayelsa State, a new monarch, King Koko Mingi VIII, ascended the throne in 1889. Koko was an educated Christian convert and former schoolteacher. But he soon found himself at odds with the Royal Niger Company’s chokehold on trade. Like Jaja before him, he tried to bypass the company’s monopoly by seeking commercial ties with the Germans in Kamerun. But the company retaliated by blockading his kingdom from its traditional markets.

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Tired of negotiations and betrayal, King Koko struck back. On 29 January 1895, before dawn, he led over 1,000 warriors in a surprise attack on the Royal Niger Company’s heavily guarded headquarters at Akassa. In what became known as the Brass Raid, Koko’s forces captured the station, seized arms and ammunition, including a Maxim machine gun, and took 60 European hostages. Koko demanded that the British lift their monopoly and allow Nembe to trade freely.

The British government refused to negotiate. In response, King Koko executed about forty of the hostages, an act the British termed cannibalism, a fabrication meant to justify vengeance.

On 20 February 1895, the Royal Navy retaliated under Admiral Frederick Bedford, launching a brutal punitive expedition. They bombarded Nembe town (Brass) and burned it to the ground. Hundreds were killed. Survivors suffered famine and diseases such as smallpox.

King Koko went into hiding. The town of Brass was fined £500, a fortune at the time, and forced to surrender weapons and surviving hostages.

In 1898, King Koko, declared an outlaw and unable to rally sufficient support for further resistance, died by suicide in exile. Around the same time, Oba Ovonramwen of Benin was also deposed following the Benin Punitive Expedition in 1897, signalling the final collapse of powerful indigenous resistance in southern Nigeria.

Back in London, the public outcry over the Brass Massacre and the RNC’s excesses led to parliamentary pressure. The British Parliament opened an inquiry, but rather than punish the Royal Niger Company, the Crown did something far more significant, it decided that a private corporation could no longer be trusted with the government of a people.

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In 1899, the British revoked the Royal Charter of the Royal Niger Company. But it did not come for free.
The British bought out the company’s rights, territories, and infrastructure for the sum of £865,000, the equivalent of £108 million today. That was the price Britain paid to acquire the territory that would become Nigeria.

It was not a conquest in the conventional sense, it was a transaction. Nigeria was, quite literally, sold.
And who sold it?

The man at the centre of the deal was Sir George Taubman Goldie, the imperialist who had envisioned and built the corporate company that took over Nigeria’s territories. In many ways, he was Nigeria’s unofficial founder, though he never ruled the colony formally. He sold Nigeria to the British Crown in 1899 for £865,000, and for his services to empire, he was later knighted.

On 1 January 1900, the Southern and Northern Protectorates were formally declared under British rule.
The company was gone. But its legacy of economic exploitation, monopolistic control, and indirect rule would persist.

The company itself didn’t die. It rebranded and evolved. The Royal Niger Company merged into what we know today as Unilever, a multinational that still trades in Africa.

This is not just a footnote in colonial history. It is the story of how an entire country people, kingdoms, resources, rivers, was commodified, negotiated, and sold. It reminds us that empire was not only built with gunboats, but also with contracts, shares, and profits.

Nigeria, long before independence, had already been bought and sold.

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Celebrities who battled body shaming

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In the entertainment space, fame often arrives with a darker companion: online bullying. From actresses to musicians and reality-TV stars, social media has become a brutal arena where women’s bodies are mocked, dissected and policed. Yet, many of these targets have refused to stay silent, choosing instead to reclaim their narratives. Faith Ajayi highlights entertainers who have pushed back against body-shaming and the digital cruelty that comes with stardom

Nkechi Blessing

Actress Nkechi Blessing has never shied away from controversy, but in September 2025, she found herself at the centre of a storm she never anticipated. While taking a break during a routine gym session at an iFitness branch in Lagos, an unflattering photo of her midsection was taken without her knowledge and posted online.

The image triggered harsh mockery from social media users and even a colleague, Blessing CEO, who revisited their past feud in a video.

She said, “Nkechi Blessing, I am shocked you are angry that people are body-shaming you.”

She continued, “Even though we reconciled at JP 2025’s wedding, I remember how you body-shamed me… You told the world you had my nude videos… You went live and showed those videos I sent you in confidence.”

Verydarkman also weighed in, playing an old clip of Blessing promoting a weight-loss product while questioning her claims about body transformation.

Blessing initially responded with humour, writing on Instagram, “I went to the gym to stay fit and healthy, not for a fashion show or runway. With my big belle with pride, una go dey alright!”

But in December 2025, during an appearance on The Honest Bunch podcast, she broke down while discussing the emotional strain. “This is who I am. I wear clothes that make me comfortable. You get BBL and troll me with a natural body?” She added that she tracked down the person who took the photo and had her arrested for privacy invasion and defamation.

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Turning the experience into advocacy, Blessing launched the “Big Belle Challenge,” encouraging women to post unfiltered photos. “I don’t like stress. Instead of fighting online, I handled it privately,” she said.

Uriel

Former Big Brother Naija star, actress and entrepreneur, Uriel Oputa, has consistently challenged Nigeria’s rigid beauty standards. One of her major encounters with body-shaming occurred in 2017 during the BBNaija show, when viewers mocked her breasts and questioned her age. She fired back with confidence: “Proud of what God gave me. If my boobs offend you, look away.”

The attacks resurfaced in 2024 after a photo of her at a Lagos party circulated online. Trolls revived conversations about her body, while some made derogatory remarks about her being mixed-race. Uriel later described those comments as “ignorance wrapped in insecurity.”

Uriel

She pushed back again, posting a bold lingerie video with the caption:

“My body, my rules. My breasts don’t sag for your approval; that’s your insecurity talking.

Do women body-shame other women? Mehn, we’re our own worst enemies.”

Uriel later turned the backlash into an empowerment movement through her Boob Freedom campaign, partnering with lingerie brands to promote natural bodies of all shapes.

“I once lost weight, and they said my boobs got worse. Now? I’m embracing the sag. It’s premium content,” she joked.

Rapper Ruggedman has been one of her biggest supporters, openly celebrating her physique and shutting down trolls whenever they resurface.

DJ Cuppy

Florence Otedola, popularly known as DJ Cuppy, has often found herself the target of colourist and body-shaming attacks despite her global acclaim. After sharing swimsuit photos from her father’s 60th birthday yacht celebration in 2022, trolls criticised her skin tone and mocked her body, with comments such as “too dark and uneven” and “preggy vibes.”

Cuppy responded firmly on social media: “My skin’s my superpower — dark, bold, unapologetic.” She questioned Nigeria’s selective celebration of beauty, asking, “Black excellence, but only if it’s lightened?”

Her fans amplified her message through #CuppyMelaninMagic, which she supported with donations to anti-colourism and skin-positivity organisations across West Africa.

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By 2025, Cuppy had turned the incident into fuel for her expanding global brand, performing at international DJ sets, collaborating with top artistes and leaning fully into her identity without apology.

Ayra Starr

Since her breakout in 2021, Ayra Starr has faced intense scrutiny over her fashion choices. At just 18, she was criticised for wearing skimpy clothes, but the backlash intensified after her performance at a Meta concert on October 11, 2022.

Trolls accused her of being “immoral,” while some commentators blamed her label boss, Don Jazzy. But the young star refused to bend. The next day, she went live wearing an even shorter skirt, declaring, “My skirt is short because I’m hot, literally and figuratively. If my legs disturb you, close your eyes when you stream my music.”

She doubled down with the release of Rush, whose lyrics underscored her message of self-assurance.

This year, she followed up with another confidence anthem, Hot Body, reaffirming her stance on self-expression. Today, Ayra Starr performs globally on her own terms, and even her critics queue to take photos with her.

Etinosa Idemudia

Actress Etinosa Idemudia has been open about her struggles with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, but after giving birth in December 2020, she became the focus of harsh comments about her postpartum body.

In an Instagram video, Idemudia confronted the insults directly. Lifting her dress, she rubbed her stomach and said, “This is my Christabel tummy! I carried emotions, stress and love. If you don’t have a belly, sorry for your flat life.”

The body-shaming continued for years.

In a 2025 interview with PUNCH, she admitted the constant attacks wore her down. “I have been constantly bullied and mocked for my stomach. It affected me… My fat is largely caused by PCOS, but many people don’t know,” she said.

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After medical consultations, she opted for cosmetic surgery, framing it as an act of self-care rather than defeat. “Science exists to make life easier… As an actor, looks and skill go hand in hand,” she said.

Moyo Lawal

Moyo Lawal has always been vocal about her body confidence, but her most difficult battle came in 2023 when an ex-partner leaked an intimate video of her. The clip spread rapidly across social media and messaging platforms, triggering intense slut-shaming and online harassment.

Lawal initially responded candidly: “Yes, I make love. I’m single, not a nun. Stop acting brand new.” But the situation escalated when strangers attempted to locate her home, turning body-shaming into life-threatening bullying.

In an emotional live session on September 18, 2023, she said, “You watched, you judged, you shared. That was rape by distribution.” She reported the matter to the police and pursued legal action against those circulating the video.

The trauma pushed her into a year-long break from Nollywood. In early 2024, she admitted, “People think bullying is just comments. It’s violence. It almost pushed me into depression.”

Lawal returned in late 2024 with Curvy Queens, a film celebrating body acceptance, which became a streaming hit and marked a triumphant comeback.

Her battles continued into 2025 when trolls mocked her weight. She responded on X: “If I do surgery, I will tell you. If I don’t, I will still tell you. My body is not your national project.” To another critic, she wrote, “Curves don’t expire. Mind your mileage.”

Now an advocate for digital rights and consent awareness, Lawal has turned her experience into a platform for education, proving that resilience can coexist with vulnerability.

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PHOTOS: Emir of Kano’s daughter Aisha set to wed

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The 14th Emir Of Kano, HRH Khalifa Muhammad Sanusi II, has announced the upcoming wedding of his daughter, Aisha Lamido Sanusi.

Aisha. who bagged First Class from University of Swansea, UK in 2023, will marry Flying Officer Dr. Sayyed Ahmed Usman, on Friday December 12, 2025, at the Emir’s Palace in Kofar Kudu.

Family members, including Fulani Siddika, shared the wedding invite on Thursday.

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NASFAT warns against twisting Qur’an to abuse women

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The Nasrul-Lahi-li Fathi Society of Nigeria (NASFAT) has warned against what it described as the growing misuse of Qur’anic verses and prophetic traditions to justify the abuse and discrimination of women and girls, describing the trend as dangerous, misleading, and un-Islamic.

The organisation issued the warning on Wednesday as part of its activities marking the global 16 Days of Activism Against Gender-Based Violence.

It stated that many acts of violence carried out in the name of Islam were rooted in harmful cultural beliefs, ignorance, and extremism, not in the teachings of the faith.

According to NASFAT in a statement shared with The PUNCH, Islam promotes justice, dignity, and compassion for all human beings, stressing that no verse of the Qur’an or hadith supported the oppression of women.

The Society listed several widespread misconceptions used to excuse abusive behaviour, such as the claim that Hawwā’ (Eve) was responsible for Adam’s fall, the false notion that killing non-Muslims guarantees “72 virgins,” and the misinterpretation of verses on polygyny and marital conflict.

NASFAT also flagged the misuse of texts on inheritance, the hadith on women’s “deficiency,” and the story of Prophet Yūsuf, pointing out that such narratives were frequently taken out of context to reinforce patriarchal norms.

According to NASFAT, Prophet Muḥammad (Peace Be Upon Him) honoured women, condemned injustice, and embodied compassion, principles that directly contradicted any form of gender-based violence.

“Abuse does not come from Islam. It comes from cultural attitudes, ignorance, and the deliberate twisting of religious texts,” the organisation said.

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To counter harmful interpretations and reduce gender-based violence, NASFAT urged religious institutions, scholars, families, and community leaders to take concrete steps, including the promotion of accurate Islamic teachings on women’s rights.

It also urged stakeholders to avoid unverified narrations and cultural myths in sermons and to provide contextual explanations of sensitive religious texts.

The Society canvassed the integration of GBV education into mosque programmes, the raising of boys and girls with equal respect, and the condemnation and reporting of domestic violence as a criminal offence.

NASFAT also called on Muslims globally to uphold justice and protect women from all forms of harm.

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