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Operation OAU: Nigeria’s Major Offensive in the Biafran War

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Location: Eastern Region, Nigeria
Date: September–October 1968 (with extended clashes into early 1969)
Photo Credit: Nigerian Civil War Archives

Background

Operation OAU was among the largest and bloodiest military campaigns of the Nigerian Civil War (1967–1970). Launched in September 1968, it aimed to break the secessionist Republic of Biafra’s resistance by capturing three strategic cities: Owerri, Aba, and Umuahia. The operation derived its name from the initials of these towns, which represented critical strongholds in Biafra’s war effort.

At the time, Aba functioned as an industrial and commercial hub, Owerri held significant strategic value, and Umuahia had become the provisional administrative capital after the federal capture of Enugu in October 1967. Nigerian commanders believed that capturing these cities would dismantle Biafra’s governance structure and force a quick end to the war.

Launch and Course of the Offensive

September 2, 1968: Federal troops, commanded by Major General Benjamin Adekunle of the 3rd Marine Commando Division and supported by other divisions, advanced simultaneously on Aba, Owerri, and Umuahia.

Aba: Fell within weeks after heavy fighting. Its fall displaced tens of thousands of civilians and deepened the ongoing humanitarian crisis.

Owerri: Initially captured by Nigerian forces but retaken by Biafran troops under Major Joseph Achuzia and Colonel Alexander Madiebo. Owerri remained a focal point of conflict well into early 1969.

Umuahia: Despite repeated assaults, the city remained under Biafran control until December 1969, continuing to serve as the heart of Biafra’s administration.

The fighting was marked by shifting control of towns, ambushes, and brutal close-quarters combat. Both armies suffered severe losses.

Casualties and Humanitarian Impact

Historians estimate that at least 25,000 people died during Operation OAU, though numbers vary widely due to the absence of reliable records. This figure includes both soldiers and civilians trapped in the contested zones.

The offensive also worsened Biafra’s famine crisis. The fall of Aba and sieges around Owerri displaced hundreds of thousands, cutting off food routes and relief supplies. The humanitarian toll of Operation OAU became part of the larger tragedy that drew international attention to the war.

Strategic Outcome

Operation OAU ultimately failed to achieve its objective of crushing Biafra’s command and control:

Aba was secured by federal forces.

Owerri, after months of see-saw fighting, returned to Biafran hands.

Umuahia remained Biafra’s capital until the war’s final months.

The inability of the Nigerian Federal Military Government to secure all three targets prolonged the conflict, forcing new offensives in 1969 and delaying the war’s end until January 1970.

Historical Significance

Operation OAU revealed both the strength and weakness of the warring sides. The federal army was larger, better supplied, and backed by foreign arms, but Biafra demonstrated remarkable resilience and local tactical ingenuity.

The campaign is remembered not only as a turning point in the military struggle but also as a symbol of the human cost of civil war. It showed that victory would not come quickly, and every advance carried with it enormous civilian suffering.

Sources:
Alexander A. Madiebo, The Nigerian Revolution and the Biafran War (Fourth Dimension Publishers, 1980).

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Lifestyle

Adekunle Gold embraces Nigerian roots with new album ‘Fuji’

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Nigerian singer Adekunle Gold returns to his roots on Friday with the release of his sixth album, “Fuji”, which he described as a tribute to the ancestral sounds of his home country.

“That sound is the soundtrack of Lagos. It’s everywhere. That sound gave birth to Afrobeats and all the things that we hear right now,” Gold told AFP in Paris.

A descendant of the Kosoko royal family, the Afropop icon draws inspiration from the Indigenous Yoruba community, one of the largest ethnic groups in West Africa.

It is “one of the oldest sounds of Nigeria”, the 38-year-old singer said.

Fuji music, a popular genre that evolved from Yoruba Muslim culture, is known for its fast beats, large ensemble of percussion instruments, and lyrics based on key sociopolitical themes.

The genre took off in Nigeria in the 1960s, shortly after the country declared independence.

Late singer-songwriter Ayinde Barrister, widely regarded as the pioneer of Fuji music, named the style after the famous Japanese mountain.

Gold blends traditional elements from Nigeria’s rich musical heritage with the catchy melodies of contemporary R&B.

Like Burna Boy or Davido, he represents this generation of Nigerian artists who have bridged divides between past and present for an international audience.

“You listen to it, and it makes your body move. It’s magical,” the singer said.

“Fuji, Highlife (another traditional genre), every sound from Nigeria makes you feel alive. I feel like that’s why it does well,” he added.

Full of colourful outfits, lively dancing, and flower-covered boats, his “Party No Dey Stop” music video — a viral duet with fellow Nigerian Zinoleesky — has amassed 29 million views on YouTube.

The song is his first major hit in the United States.

Gold, also known as AG Baby, gained fame in Nigeria in 2014 after he covered a song by popular boy band One Direction.

Since then, he has signed with American label Def Jam Recordings and has collaborated on the track “Falling Up” with funk legend Nile Rodgers and musician Pharrell Williams.

Spreading culture

Gold invites listeners to delve deep into the latest album, an emotional journey inspired by significant events from his life.

“I talk about my grief when I lost my father. I talk about my love life, my daughter, about being a family man,” he explained.

While Gold lives in the United States, he said his “heart is in Lagos”.

“I’m spreading the culture, talking about my heritage, talking about tradition,” he said.

However, challenges persist in Nigeria, where nearly 60 per cent of the population lives below the poverty line

“There have been steps in the right direction,” Gold said as he expressed hope for the future of his country.

“It is not enough for the government to do everything,” he added, calling on people to “do what we can as citizens”.

Committed to the fight against sickle cell disease, which he has lived with his entire life, Gold launched a foundation this year to fund treatment and support local charities.

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Lifestyle

Lara George: Nigerian Gospel Icon with a Global Voice

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Lara George is a Nigerian gospel singer, songwriter, and producer whose powerful voice and timeless songs have made her one of the most respected figures in African gospel music. Based in the United States, she continues to influence gospel music worldwide through her artistry, leadership, and devotion to worship.

Early Life and Education

Lara George was born into a music-loving family in Lagos State, Nigeria. Her passion for singing was evident from an early age, and she nurtured her talent while growing up in Lagos. She later studied Architecture at the University of Lagos, where she also began to actively pursue her passion for gospel music.

Musical Career and Breakthrough

George rose to prominence as a member of the inspirational music group Kush, active in the early 2000s. The group, made up of gospel-influenced young artists, became popular for its innovative fusion of gospel, hip hop, and contemporary African sounds. Though the group disbanded, it laid the foundation for George’s successful solo career.

Her debut solo album, Forever in My Heart (2008), included the breakout hit “Ijoba Orun.” The song quickly became a gospel anthem in Nigeria, sung in churches and concerts across Africa and beyond. Its success established Lara George as one of the leading gospel voices of her generation.

Following this, she released other notable projects, including Higher (2012), Love Nwantintin (2014), and The Best of Lara George (2017), showcasing her versatility and consistency as a gospel artist.

Achievements and Recognition

Over the years, Lara George has earned numerous accolades. She won Best Female Gospel Artiste at the 2012 Africa Gospel Music Awards, among other honors.

Beyond her music, George has contributed to the industry through leadership. She serves as the Vice President of SoForte Entertainment Distribution Ltd., a pioneering Nigerian company focused on strengthening music distribution across Africa.

In 2021, her global impact was further recognized when she was invited to join the Recording Academy (organizers of the Grammy Awards) as a Voting Member, affirming her status as an international gospel voice.

Personal Life

Lara George is married to Gbenga George, an accomplished legal practitioner. Together they have two children. The family resides in Alpharetta, Georgia, United States, where George balances her family life with her music career and industry work.

Legacy and Influence

Lara George’s music blends heartfelt worship with contemporary gospel sounds, inspiring believers and non-believers alike. Songs like Ijoba Orun remain evergreen classics, while her career continues to highlight the global reach of Nigerian gospel music.

Through her voice, leadership, and consistency, Lara George has left an indelible mark on gospel music, both in Nigeria and internationally.

Sources

Vanguard Nigeria – Lara George: Life as a Gospel Singer (2018)

Africa Gospel Music Awards – Winners List 2012

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Lifestyle

The 1973 Nigerian “Hides and Skins” Postage Stamp: A Window into Economic Identity

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In 1973, Nigeria introduced a new definitive postage stamp series to reflect the country’s transition from the British sterling system to the Naira and Kobo currency. Known as the Industry and National Pride issue, or simply the 1973–1986 Definitive Issue, the series highlighted major sectors that shaped Nigeria’s economy and cultural identity in the post-independence period.

Among the most notable designs in the set was the 1 kobo “Hides and Skins” stamp, which depicted the trade in animal hides and skins. This was not a casual choice. For decades, hides and skins were one of Nigeria’s leading agricultural exports, particularly from the northern region, and they played a major role in the nation’s foreign exchange earnings during the 1960s and 1970s. By placing this industry on a definitive stamp, Nigeria emphasized its economic significance while also projecting a sense of national pride rooted in traditional livelihoods.

The Role of Definitive Stamps

Unlike commemorative stamps, which are printed for specific events or anniversaries, definitive stamps are produced for everyday postal use and often remain in circulation for many years. The “Hides and Skins” stamp, therefore, went beyond a symbolic tribute. It became a practical emblem of Nigerian economic identity, traveling across the country and abroad through the nation’s postal system.

Artistic Contributions

The 1973 series included designs created by Nigerian artists such as Austin Onwudimegwu and Erhabor Emokpae, both of whom contributed to different denominations in the set. While collectors and catalogues acknowledge their involvement in the issue, attribution for specific denominations, including the “Hides and Skins” design, is not always clearly documented. What remains clear, however, is that the series as a whole reflected a conscious effort to use Nigerian artistic talent to celebrate national industry.

A Stamp as History

To philatelists and historians, the “Hides and Skins” stamp is more than just a piece of postal paper. It embodies a snapshot of Nigeria’s economic priorities at a time when agriculture, rather than oil, still dominated the country’s exports. It also reflects the broader post-independence aspiration to craft a distinctly Nigerian visual identity in official symbols.

Today, this stamp is valued not only for its function and design but also for its historical resonance. It offers collectors and researchers a window into how a young nation sought to represent itself to the world—through industry, culture, and pride.

Sources

Stanley Gibbons Stamp Catalogue: Commonwealth and British Empire Stamps (West Africa listings).

Scott Standard Postage Stamp Catalogue (Nigeria 1973–1986 definitive issues)

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