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PHOTOS: Madagascar’s president says a coup is underway after soldiers join anti-government protests

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Madagascar’s president said Sunday that an attempted coup was underway in the Indian Ocean country, just a day after members of an elite army unit joined youth-led protests against the government and called for the president to step down.

President Andry Rajoelina’s office offered no details on who was behind the attempt and no signs of violence were immediately visible on the streets on Sunday, although there was a large military presence.

A commander of the elite CAPSAT unit, Col. Michael Randrianirina, denied any coup had taken place, but the unit claimed to have taken control of all of Madagascar’s armed forces and said it had installed a new leader of the military, Gen. Demosthene Pikulas.

“We responded to the people’s call,” Randrianirina told reporters. Pikulas, who spoke alongside Randrianirina, declined to say if they had asked Rajoelina to resign, but the CAPSAT army unit appeared to be in a position of authority.

Madagascar has been shaken by three weeks of the most significant unrest in years in the nation. The protests were led by a group calling itself “Gen Z Madagascar,” and the United Nations says the demonstrations have left at least 22 people dead and dozens injured. The government has disputed this number.

The whereabouts of the president were not immediately known on Sunday. His office said he “wishes to inform the nation and the international community that an attempt to seize power illegally and by force” has been “initiated.”

“In view of the extreme gravity of this situation,” the president’s office “strongly condemns this attempt at destabilisation and calls upon all forces of the nation to unite in defense of constitutional order and national sovereignty,” it said.

CAPSAT is the same army unit that was pivotal in a 2009 military-backed coup that first brought Rajoelina to power as the head of a transitional government.

A turning point in these protests came Saturday when soldiers from CAPSAT joined weekslong anti-government demonstrations and called for Rajoelina and government officials to step down.

Saturday’s protests were among the largest since the unrest began on Sept. 25 and Randrianirina said his troops had exchanged fire with security forces who were attempting to quell the protests and that one of his soldiers had been killed.

Speaking to crowds from an armored vehicle, Randrianirina said Saturday that Rajoelina, his new prime minister, the minister of the gendarmerie and the commander of the gendarmerie “must leave power. That’s all.”

“Do we call this a coup? I don’t know yet,” Randrianirina had said.

Madagascar, a large island of 31 million people off the east coast of Africa, has had several leaders removed in coups and has a history of political crises since it gained independence from France in 1960.

The 51-year-old Rajoelina first came to prominence as the leader of a transitional government following a 2009 coup that forced then-President Marc Ravalomanana to flee the country and lose power. Rajoelina was elected president in 2018 and reelected in 2023 in a vote boycotted by opposition parties.

As the news of Rajoelina’s statement broke, the U.S. Embassy in Madagascar advised American citizens to shelter-in-place due to a “highly volatile and unpredictable” situation. The African Union urged all parties, “both civilian and military, to exercise calm and restraint.”

The youth-led protests first erupted last month over electricity and water outages but have snowballed into larger dissatisfaction with the government and the leadership of Rajoelina.

Protesters have brought up a range of issues, including poverty and the cost of living, access to tertiary education, and alleged corruption and embezzlement of public funds by government officials and their families and associates.

Civic groups and trade unions have joined the protests, which have resulted in nighttime curfews being enforced in the capital, Antananarivo, and other major cities. The U.N. criticised the security forces for a “violent response” in the early days of the protests that led to the deaths of largely peaceful protesters, it said.

Rajoelina attempted to appease the protesters by firing his entire government, including the prime minister, on Sept. 29. But the protesters have not relented.

The Gen Z protesters who inspired the uprising have mobilised over the internet and say they were inspired by other protests that toppled governments in Nepal and Sri Lanka. – AP

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Oil output slumps as Nigeria, Libya, Venezuela drag OPEC+ targets

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Nigeria, Libya and Venezuela recorded drops in crude oil production in October, undermining the output levels set by the Organisation of the Petroleum Exporting Countries and its allies, OPEC+, for the month.

According to a Reuters report on Tuesday, OPEC’s overall output rose by just 30,000 barrels per day in October, a sharp contrast to the 330,000 bpd increase recorded in September, despite earlier agreements to boost supply.

Data from OPEC’s Monthly Oil Market Report for October, obtained by Channels Television, showed that Nigeria’s crude production, which fluctuated between 1.3 million and 1.4 million barrels per day from January to June 2025, rose briefly to 1.5 million bpd in July before sliding back to 1.4 million bpd in August and 1.3 million bpd in September.

The Group Chief Executive Officer of the Nigerian National Petroleum Company Limited, Bayo Ojulari, attributed the production decline to the “crisis between the Dangote Refinery and the Nigeria Union of Petroleum and Natural Gas Workers as well as the Petroleum and Natural Gas Senior Staff Association of Nigeria.”

Oil prices slipped on Wednesday amid global market weakness and a stronger US dollar as investors reassessed supply dynamics.

Brent crude futures fell by 6 cents (0.1%) to $64.38 per barrel by 5:08 a.m. WAT, hitting a near two-week low. U.S. West Texas Intermediate also declined by 10 cents (0.17%) to $60.46, while the OPEC Basket shed 0.26 cents (0.39%) to $66.72 per barrel.

“The risk-off tone across markets saw investors exit energy markets,” ANZ analysts wrote in a client note quoted by Reuters.

“Crude oil is trading lower … as risk sentiment shifted sharply negative, boosting the safe haven U.S. dollar, both of which weighed on the crude oil price,” IG market analyst Tony Sycamore stated.

Further pressure came after the American Petroleum Institute reported a rise in U.S. crude inventories for the week ending October 31.

On the supply front, OPEC+ announced plans to raise production by 137,000 bpd in December but said it would pause further increases during the first quarter of 2026.

However, analysts at LSEG cautioned that the pause was “unlikely to offer meaningful support to November and December prices.”

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Nigeria, Africa must pursue energy transition on own terms — Minister

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The Minister of State for Petroleum Resources (Gas), Dr Ekperikpe Ekpo, says Nigeria and Africa must pursue energy transition based on national realities.

Ekpo said this on Wednesday during a ministerial panel session on “Global Shifts: Navigating an Era of Diverging Priorities” at the ongoing 2025 Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition and Conference.

He said that Nigeria and indeed Africa must be allowed to use their resources responsibly rather than externally imposed pathways that could undermine economic stability.

”Our position is clear; Nigeria and Africa cannot decarbonise to poverty. We must be allowed to use our resources responsibly to provide energy security, drive industrialisation, and ensure sustainable growth,” he said.

He emphasised that while Nigeria supports global decarbonisation goals, energy transition must be ”sequential, just, and balanced,” adding that the continent could not afford to decarbonise at the expense of development.

”For Nigeria today, about 80 million people are without access to electricity, and across Africa, more than 600 million still live without power.

“Millions also rely on biomass for cooking, which is not clean. Gas remains central to Nigeria’s energy strategy, serving as a low-emission fuel for power generation, industrialisation, transportation, and clean cooking,” he said.

The minister revealed that Nigeria was expanding renewable energy deployment in viable areas to complement natural gas utilisation and reduce carbon emissions.

He said that while renewables were part of the country’s energy mix, heavy industrial and power loads could not yet be met solely through renewable sources.

”We are therefore taking advantage of our abundant natural gas to power our economy and ensure a just and inclusive energy transition,” he added.

The News Agency of Nigeria reports that the global energy industry is entering a new phase, defined by recalibration rather than acceleration, as governments seek to reconcile sustainability targets with the realities of affordability, access, and security.

Amid this complexity, energy leaders are reshaping their strategies to sustain economic resilience, advancing renewables and power sector reform while modernising legacy systems to ensure reliability and investment continuity.

The resurgence of hydrocarbons, volatility in critical minerals, and renewed regional competition for energy supply are further compelling governments to strengthen domestic capacity and pursue pragmatic cooperation across borders.

Against this backdrop, the core question is not whether to decarbonise, but how to align goals with growth, fiscal stability, and social development.

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Southern Leaders, Others Oppose US Military Intervention In Nigeria

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The National Caucus of the Southern and Middle Belt Leaders Forum (SMBLF) has strongly opposed any unsolicited foreign military intervention in Nigeria over any matter by the United States of America.

The forum comprises the South-West’s Afenifere, the South-East’s Ohanaeze Ndigbo,, the Pan Niger Delta Forum and the Middle-Belt Forum.

SMBLF also considered the designation of Nigeria as a Country of Particular Concern a wake-up call to the Federal Government to pursue with a sense of urgency and responsibility halting the ongoing mayhem and killings.

A communique issued at the end of the National Caucus Meeting of the Forum held at the weekend urged President Bola Ahmed Tinubu to reshuffle the offices of the National Security Adviser, Minister of Defence and Minister of State for Defence who are all Northerners to include Southerners.

The communique reads further, “Furthermore, the SMBLF acknowledges the recent reshuffling of the Service Chiefs and welcomes the appointment of new ones. However, we urge the President to extend this reform to the Office of the National Security Adviser (ONSA), the Minister of Defence, and the Minister of State for Defence all of whom are presently from one section of the country. This will not only ensure a comprehensive overhaul of the national defence architecture but also reflect the diversity of the country”

The SMBLF’s communique signed by Afenifere leader, HRM Oba Oladipo Olaitan, President, Middle Belt Forum, Dr. Bitrus Pogu, President-General, Ohanaeze Ndigbo Worldwide, Senator John Azuta-Mbata and National Chairman, PANDEF, Ambassador Godknows Igali, appealed to Tinubu to adopt a nationalist approach by which the Attorney-General of the federation is empowered to set necessary constitutional machinery to effect Nnamdi Kanu’s release.

SMBLF said the release of Nnamdi Kanu would be a salutary directive in the interest of the most needed national rehabilitation and peace.

On the 2027 presidential poll, SMBLF recalled its decision in 2021 that the President of Nigeria in the 2023 election should be from the Southern part of the country in demonstration of Nigeria’s commitment to restructuring and national stability, “and now further resolves that the decision should remain applicable to the 2027 Presidential Election for the same reasons”

The communique reads in parts, “On the Designation of Nigeria as a Country of Particular Concern: The SMBLF notes with very serious concern the designation by the US President Donald Trump of Nigeria as a Country of Particular Concern over religious persecution against Christians.

“The SMBLF affirms its opposition to any unsolicited foreign military intervention in Nigeria over any matter.Furthermore face the issues on ground in disarming and prosecuting the known militias and killer herdsmen and Islamists terrorists responsible for this, and restore occupied lands to their rightful owners of all faiths and ethnic nationalities especially in Benue, Plateau, Southern Kaduna, Taraba, Gombe, Southern Bornu, Southern Kebbi and all over the rest of the country”

However, prominent Nigerian Christian leaders in the Southern part of Kaduna State have hailed United States President Donald Trump’s recent designation of Nigeria as a “Country of Particular Concern,” describing it as a “long-overdue moment of truth” that exposes the federal government’s failure to protect its Christian citizens.

They made their position known in a statement signed by the Southern Kaduna Christian Leaders Association (SKCLA) chairman, Apostle Emmanuel Nuhu Kure on Tuesday.

They accused successive Nigerian governments of abandoning Christians in the North to systematic persecution and land seizures while paying lip service to peace and unity.

Kure alleged a coordinated campaign to disenfranchise northern minorities, claim their lands, steal their quotas, debase their traditional institutions and exclude them from political representation.

“At last, someone, somewhere, has taken notice of the plight of Christians in Northern Nigeria, a plight our own government has consistently failed to acknowledge, let alone address.

“For far too long, Christians in the North have been abandoned by the very nation that should protect them. Successive governments, northern Muslim leaders, and even some Christian leaders and governors have paid lip service to peace, human rights, and unity.

“Meanwhile, the systematic rewriting of the history of northern minorities continues, with their lands seized, quotas stolen, traditional institutions debased, and political representation denied,” he said.

The former national secretary of the Pentecostal Fellowship of Nigeria (PFN) pointed to what he called institutionalised religious bias, citing northern universities like Bayero and Sokoto, where churches are allegedly forbidden.

“In many northern cities and institutions of learning, such as Bayero and Sokoto Universities, and in several other northern establishments, churches are not permitted to be built, while mosques abound, thereby encouraging jihadist ideologies that are hostile to the Christian faith.

“This is not so in the South, which is raising the question of whether we have a separate government from the South. What tradition or otherwise permits one sector to be enslaved by the other in these modern times? These are the realities of the North that the Trump question is raising that the government must answer,” he stated.

The clergyman outlined a sustained pattern of persecution, including the “sponsorship and protection of jihadists, forced marriages that destroy Christian homes, and denial of equal opportunities.

“The federal government must no longer deny these realities. It must establish a credible, independent inquiry led by courageous and impartial Nigerians who will be tasked with investigating these allegations.

“The killings in Benue and Plateau States, where there is no evidence of theft or criminality, reveal a scorched-earth campaign targeted at persecuted Christian communities.

“The persistent killing of pastors in Southern Kaduna, the neglect of dangerous roads, and the half-hearted measures in Borno all prove that there is knowledge of the truth, but no political will to confront it,” Nuhu stated.

Trump’s Stand Based on Purported 2010 Report – Akpabio

For his part, Senate President Godswill Akpabio has stated that the US President’s stand on Nigeria is based on a purported 2010 report on the killings in Nigeria, especially Plateau and Benue States.

According to Akpabio, the Senate will deliberate on recent comments made by United States President Donald Trump regarding Nigeria, in collaboration with the executive branch of government.

Speaking during plenary on Tuesday, Akpabio said the matter concerns foreign policy and diplomatic relations, and therefore requires a coordinated national response.

He said, “We have not discussed the issue of President Trump yet in chambers.

We shall do so in combination with the executive because we believe it is a matter of foreign policy and diplomatic relations.

I have refrained from taking any motion on it until we know the direction of the government and what the government intends to do.”

Akpabio noted that Trump’s position on Nigeria was not based on current realities but on an outdated report from 2010.

He said, “The position that President Trump is taking is not based on current realities.

It is based on a purported 2010 report — 15 years ago — where some people came on a fact-finding mission from the US Congress. They visited only Plateau and Benue; they did not go to Zamfara or other areas.”

We’re Open to Dialogue with International Partners – Federal Government

The Minister of Information and National Orientation, Mohammed Idris, has said President Bola Ahmed Tinubu remains calm and focused amid recent threats and concerns from the United States, assuring that Nigeria is working to clarify its security efforts to the international community.

Speaking to State House correspondents after visiting the President at the State House in Abuja on Tuesday, Idris described the meeting as part of his routine consultations with the President but confirmed that the issue of the United States’ comments also came up during their discussions.

He said, “Well, it is a routine that we always have with Mr. President. As the Minister of Information, I need to consult with Mr. President from time to time, and this is exactly what we have done.

Of course, the issue of the U.S. threats also came up, and we discussed that extensively with Mr President, and Mr President is calm. He is looking at the whole situation and looking for ways and means of ensuring that the international community understands what Nigeria has been doing.”

Don’t interfere in Nigeria’s affairs, China tells US

Nigeria may become another arena of diplomatic tension between China and the United States, which could further strain relations between the two major superpowers, experts have suggested.

The threat of US military intervention in Nigeria over the perceived failure of the Nigerian government to tackle alleged genocide against Christians by militant Islamic jihadists has triggered a reaction from the Chinese government, which warned against such action, saying it would violate Nigeria’s sovereignty.

On Tuesday, China urged the international community to respect Nigeria’s sovereignty following the US threat of military action.

A statement on the website of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China quoted the spokesperson for China’s Foreign Ministry, Mao Ning, as saying this during a press briefing on Tuesday in Beijing.

She said, “As Nigeria’s strategic partner, China opposes any attempt by foreign powers to use religion or human rights as a pretext to meddle in another country’s internal affairs or impose sanctions and military threats.”

She restated China’s support for President Bola Tinubu’s administration, commending the government for guiding the country along a development path tailored to its national conditions.

Reacting to this development, Nigerian experts in international affairs have said that China’s reaction was based on the recent Comprehensive Strategic Partnership agreement both countries signed last year in Beijing, which was an upgraded version of the two countries’ diplomatic relations.

Speaking  on Tuesday, director of the Centre for China Studies, an Abuja-based intellectual think tank, Charles Onunaiju, said the Chinese government “extended solidarity to Nigeria during trying times based on the Comprehensive Strategic Partnership,” adding that China does not want a misjudgement of the Nigerian situation to levy war in the country, which would complicate things further.

He added that, “China denounces the method of US President Donald Trump, which does not align with the standard of the international community based on rules.”

Also speaking  on Tuesday, another expert in international affairs and diplomacy, Dr Austin Maho, noted that Beijing’s reaction to the US threat of interference reflects China’s quest for Nigeria’s sovereign right and the need to protect its strategic partner from the chaos that may ensue from military intervention.

He said, “Based on the Comprehensive Strategic Partnership, China sees it as a duty to protect Nigeria from external aggression disguised as fighting insecurity.”

In September 2024, China and Nigeria established a Comprehensive Strategic Partnership, following the establishment of a strategic partnership between the two sides in 2005. The two countries held their first strategic dialogues in 2009. In January 2021, the two countries established the China–Nigeria Intergovernmental Committee mechanism.

In the event of any US military action against Nigeria, however, China will not provide military assistance to Nigeria, as the Comprehensive Strategic Partnership is not a military pact that would entail China defending Nigeria in such an event. Nigeria can only rely on China’s diplomatic support.

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