Lieutenant General Ipoola Alani Akinrinade (1980–1981)
Akinrinade was appointed by President Shehu Shagari during the Second Republic. He was one of Nigeria’s most respected senior officers and helped stabilize civil–military relations after years of military rule.
Lieutenant General Gibson Sanda Jalo (1981–1983)
Jalo served under President Shehu Shagari and briefly after the 1983 coup that brought Major General Muhammadu Buhari to power.
General Domkat Yah Bali (1984–1990)
Appointed under General Muhammadu Buhari, Bali continued to serve during General Ibrahim Babangida’s regime. He was also the Minister of Defence and a key member of the Armed Forces Ruling Council.
General Sani Abacha (1990–1993)
Abacha became Chief of Defence Staff during Babangida’s rule and later seized power himself in November 1993, ruling as Nigeria’s Head of State until 1998.
Lieutenant General Oladipo Diya (1993–1997)
Diya served as Chief of Defence Staff and Chief of General Staff under General Sani Abacha. He was also Abacha’s de facto deputy until he was arrested for an alleged coup plot in 1997.
General Abdulsalami Abubakar (1997–1998)
Abubakar briefly served as CDS before succeeding Abacha as Head of State in June 1998. He oversaw Nigeria’s transition to democracy in 1999.
Air Marshal Al-Amin Musa Daggash (1998–1999)
The first and only Air Force officer to serve as CDS, Daggash served under General Abdulsalami Abubakar during the transition to the Fourth Republic.
Admiral Ibrahim Ogohi (1999–2003)
Appointed by President Olusegun Obasanjo, Ogohi was the first Navy officer to hold the position in democratic Nigeria.
Ogomudia, a disciplined and strategic Army officer, also served under President Obasanjo during his second term in office.
General Martin Luther Agwai (2006–2007)
Agwai took over as CDS in the final months of Obasanjo’s administration and helped oversee a professional restructuring of the Armed Forces.
Air Chief Marshal Paul Dike (2008–2010)
Appointed by President Umaru Musa Yar’Adua, Dike was another Air Force officer to hold the position, maintaining balance among service branches.
Air Chief Marshal Oluseyi Petinrin (2010–2012)
Petinrin served under President Goodluck Jonathan, continuing modernization reforms within the Nigerian Armed Forces.
Admiral Ola Sa’ad Ibrahim (2012–2014)
Ibrahim, a naval officer, succeeded Petinrin and served under President Jonathan, focusing on maritime security and counter-piracy operations.
Air Chief Marshal Alex Sabundu Badeh (2014–2015)
Badeh also served under President Jonathan, during the height of the Boko Haram insurgency. His tenure ended with the 2015 elections.
General Abayomi Gabriel Olonisakin (2015–2021)
Appointed by President Muhammadu Buhari, Olonisakin was one of Nigeria’s longest-serving CDS, coordinating joint operations against insurgency and banditry.
General Lucky Eluonye Onyenuchea Irabor (2021–2023)
Irabor served under President Buhari and continued counter-insurgency efforts in the North-East and North-West.
General Christopher Gwabin Musa (2023–2025)
Appointed by President Bola Ahmed Tinubu, Musa is known for his calm leadership and strategic coordination in national defence and regional stability.
Lieutenant General Olufemi Olatubosun Oluyede (2025–Present)
Recently appointed by President Bola Tinubu, Oluyede took over from General Musa in October 2025. His tenure marks a continued effort to modernize Nigeria’s Armed Forces and promote inter-service cooperation.
1.Isheri Olofin – Olofin Ogunfunminire and his retinue from Ife before moving on to Ebute Metta and Iddo
2.Iddo Island – Olofin Ogunfunminire (See above)
3.Lagos Island/Eko – Aromire, son of Ogunfunminire. Iduganran was the site of a pepper farm (Ereko or Oko).
4.Iru/Victoria island – Oniru Origefon traditionally part of the idejo land owning children of Ogunfunminire
5.Ikate/Elegushi – Elegushi Kusenla (Another member of the idejo class)
6.Otto/Mainland – Pawu ogboja oloto
7.ijora/Orile iganmu – Kueji/Isikoko ojora
8.Ajiran – Ojomu Ejo/Mogisho, brother to Olofin Ogunfunminire
9.Ikoyi – Onikoyi Adeyemi/Efunluyi
10.Ebute Lekki (Ileke) – Lootu son of Labolo, grandson of Oba Alara of Epe.
11.Ibeju – Abeju Agbeduwa originally from ife through the coastal Ijebu area
12.Ajah – Olumegbon/Ogunsemo/Ojupon
13.Otto Awori – Aregi Ope, Iworu Oloja and Odofin, all part of the original Awori stream from Ife.
14.Ojo – Esugbemi/Erelu/Osu
15.Iba – Àyoká Oniba ekun
16.Mushin – Oduabore/Aileru
17.Isolo – Akinbaye/Alagbeji
18.Ejigbo – Fadu onimewon/Olojan
19.Ikotun – Ategbo Olukotun
20.Egbe – Kudaki/Akeja
21.Oshodi/isolo – Olusi onigbesa/Agedegudu
22.Ijegun – Ajibade Agbojojoye
23.Igando – Eseba onimaba/oko osi/Eshidana
24.Eleko – Sobokunren
25.Akesan – Ominuye/Aina òdofin
26.Ogba (Ikeja) – Owoeni Asade/Madarikan
27.Ogudu – Amosu from Ile ife
28.Ikeja – Amore/Ikudehinbu
29.Aguda/Surulere – Gboin /Odunburé
30.Itiré – Òtá Onitire
31.Ilasa – Àbere ijé
32.Onigbongbo – Ikunyasun Àwusefa
33.Irewe – Edinni/Ojube/Oluwen
34.Ikosi-Kosofe – Aina ejo from Isheri
35.Idimu – Eletu Apataiko (Isa Aperindeja Olugoké)
36.Ilara-Epe – Tunse/Sabolujo/Alara Adejuwon
37.Ibonwon – Soginná from Ijebu
38.Ketu (kosofe) – Balogun oyero from Ketu-Ile
39.Ojokoro – Oniojugbelé Adeitan from Ota
40.Ikaare – Ikeja Ajija
41.Orile Agege – Efunmikan
42.Obele odan (Surulere) – Alago asalu
43.Ikorodu – Oga from Epe Sagamu
44.Epe – Uraka from Ife joined by Isein & Modu of Omu. they settled under a Popoka tree, that site became Poka township. Alaro (a woman) later joined. Then Ramope, Ogunmude and Oloja Shagbafara joined from Ijebu ode.
45.Odo Ayandelu – Ayandelu from Ile ife
46.Agbowa – Olayeni Otutubiosun son of Owa Otutubiosun who was Awujale, and grandson of Lafogido of Ife.
47.Igbogbo – Oshinbokunren
48.Meiran – Oroja from Ota
49.Imota – Ranodu from Ijebu
48.Owode Apa badagy – Oganogbodo-Akereyaso/Asese Alapa
50.Ajido – Aholu sagbe from Allada
51.Oworoshoki – Ajumogijo
52.Iworo/Imeke – Ajagunosin/Adejori isejoye
53.Badagy – Egun people from Popo, Allada, Wida and Weme who fled the wars of the Dahomey conquest of the coastal kingdoms of Allada and Igelefe (Ouidah) to come settle of Apa lands to their east.
54.Ejinrin – Loofi Ogunmude founded Ejinrin around 1619
55.Eputu Lekki – Ogunfayo
56.Orimedu Ibeju/Lekki – Ladejobi left Ife to Okegun then crossed the Lekki Lagoon.
57.Akodo – Oyemade Ogidigan
58.Offin – Liyangu of Ife.
59.Ibonwon – Soginna from Ijebu ode.
60.Ijede – Ajede
Ìwòyè-Kétu is one of the most remarkable Yoruba communities in West Africa, not only for its deep-rooted traditions but also for its unique geopolitical identity. The ancient town straddles two modern nation-states—Nigeria and the Republic of Benin—yet remains culturally, spiritually, and traditionally unified as one Yoruba settlement.
A Town Without Borders in Spirit
Geographically, Ìwòyè-Kétu is primarily located in Imeko/Afon Local Government Area of Ogun State, Nigeria, while its western section lies across the international boundary in the Republic of Benin. This border, imposed during the colonial partition of Africa, cuts through the town but has failed to divide its people.
Families live on both sides of the boundary, speak the same Yoruba dialect, observe the same customs, and recognise one traditional authority. Daily life reflects this dual reality: residents freely transact using both the Nigerian naira and the West African CFA franc, depending on location and convenience.
Unified Kingship Across Nigeria and Benin
Despite existing in two countries, Ìwòyè-Kétu is governed traditionally by one paramount ruler. The recognised monarch is:
His Royal Majesty Oba (Sir) Isaac Adegbenro Oyero,
the Ooye of Ìwòyè-Kétu, also styled Adekilúrójú – Ada Páàkó II.
His authority is acknowledged by the community on both sides of the border, making Ìwòyè-Kétu a rare example of a binational Yoruba town under a single royal institution.
Origins in Ile-Ife
According to Yoruba oral tradition, Ìwòyè-Kétu was founded by Olúmu (or Olómù), a legendary migrant from Ilé-Ifẹ̀, the spiritual homeland of the Yoruba people. Like many Yoruba settlements, its founding narrative emphasises migration from Ife, reinforcing the town’s ancient roots within the broader Yoruba civilisational story.
Ìwòyè-Kétu forms part of the historic Kétu region, once a powerful Yoruba kingdom before European colonial boundaries fragmented it between British-ruled Nigeria and French-ruled Dahomey (now Benin).
Sacred Taboos That Still Govern Daily Life
Ìwòyè-Kétu is widely known for its strict traditional prohibitions, which continue to be enforced by custom and belief:
Use of umbrellas is strictly forbidden anywhere within the town.
Rearing pigs is prohibited, and pork is traditionally avoided.
In some oral accounts, digging wells is either forbidden or tightly regulated.
These taboos are believed to be tied to ancestral covenants, spiritual agreements, and the town’s founding myths. Violations are traditionally thought to invite misfortune, reinforcing collective adherence across generations.
Language, Culture, and Continuity
Despite the Nigeria–Benin divide, Ìwòyè-Kétu remains culturally seamless. Yoruba language, customs, festivals, and lineage systems are shared. The town stands at a linguistic crossroads where English and French meet administratively, but Yoruba remains dominant socially and spiritually.
A Living Example of Pre-Colonial African Unity
Ìwòyè-Kétu exemplifies how pre-colonial African societies continue to transcend modern borders. Long before Nigeria or Benin existed, the town functioned as a single cultural entity—and it still does.
In an era where borders often define identity, Ìwòyè-Kétu reminds us that history, tradition, and shared ancestry can be stronger than lines drawn on maps.
Sources
Yoruba oral traditions and local historical accounts of Ìwòyè-Kétu
Ogun State local government and cultural heritage records (Imeko/Afon LGA)
Nigerian media reports and cultural features on Ìwòyè-Kétu’s taboos and binational status
Community welcome signage and local testimonies
Cross-border Yoruba history of the Kétu Kingdom (Nigeria–Benin)
Throughout history, in every culture around the world, extraordinary women have pushed society to think bigger, move forward and create.
Emotan is a glowing example of boundless courage and world-changing ingenuity.
Emotan a market woman, single-handedly raised an army and overthrew the illegal regime of Oba Uwaifiokun who usurped his brother and conspired with his chief to kill King Ewuare.
She protected Oba Ewuare in her hut and showed him kindness when he was trying to reclaim his throne back.
Emotan helped install Oba Ewuare the Great, who was the most outstanding Oba in the ancient Benin Kingdom around 1440AD.
Eventually, when Oba Ewuare regained his throne, Emotan became the King’s favourite citizen.
Moreso, her kindness wasn’t restricted to the Oba alone, history tells us that Emotan converted her hut to a crèche to help nursing mothers who patronized her or came to the market for other things.
At that time, her daycare centre was popular in Benin and it can be said authoritatively that she started the first-day care centre in Benin.
After her death, her body was buried at the Oba market at the exact spot where she sold her goods. A tree was planted on her grave and she is being worshipped as the mother of love and kindness