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Osifekunde of Ijebu: A Rare First-Person Window into Pre-Colonial Yorubaland and the Atlantic Slave Trade

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Osifekunde of Ijebu (born c. 1795) occupies a unique place in the history of West Africa and the wider Atlantic world. His personal testimony—recorded in Paris in 1838—offers one of the earliest detailed European-language accounts of Yorubaland before British colonial rule, while illuminating the operations of the 19th-century transatlantic slave trade.

Early Life in Ijebu

Osifekunde was born around 1795 in Ijebu-Ode, a key Yoruba kingdom in what is now Ogun State, Nigeria. At the time, Ijebu controlled a prosperous trade corridor linking the interior Yoruba states with the Niger Delta ports, making it a strategic node in regional commerce.

His later testimony, carefully recorded by French geographer Pascal d’Avezac-Macaya, described:
Political organisation—the authority of the Awujale (paramount ruler) and the council of chiefs.
Economic life—busy market centres and long-distance trading routes.

Religion and culture—traditional festivals and Yoruba spiritual practices that pre-dated large-scale European colonial intrusion.

These recollections provide historians with a rare insider’s view of pre-colonial Yoruba society.

Capture and Enslavement

As a young man, Osifekunde travelled toward the Niger Delta on a trading journey. Sources differ slightly on the details: some suggest he was tricked or kidnapped by Ijaw raiders, others that he was seized outright by pirates active in the slave trade.

He was sold to Portuguese slave traders and transported across the Atlantic to Brazil, which by the early 19th century had become the largest importer of enslaved Africans. Enslaved in Rio de Janeiro under a Brazilian master sometimes recorded as M. Ferreira, Osifekunde experienced the harsh realities of the Atlantic slave economy decades after Britain and other European powers had officially outlawed the trade.

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Journey to Paris and Meeting with Pascal d’Avezac

Fate intervened when his Brazilian master travelled to Paris and brought Osifekunde along as a servant. In 1838, he met Pascal d’Avezac-Macaya, a French geographer and ethnographer keen to document African societies.

Recognising the rarity of a first-hand African perspective, d’Avezac recorded Osifekunde’s detailed oral account of Yoruba geography, politics and culture, and even commissioned a plaster life mask of him.

The mask—later held at the Musée de l’Homme in Paris and displayed in the Smithsonian National Museum of African Art—remains a striking physical record of this encounter.

D’Avezac presented Osifekunde’s narrative to the Société de Géographie de Paris in 1841, giving European scholars unprecedented direct testimony of West African society from an African source.

Contributions to Knowledge of Yorubaland

Osifekunde’s recollections went beyond cultural customs:

Geography and trade routes—he mapped major Yoruba towns, described travel times, and explained trade connections from the interior to coastal markets.

Political economy—his observations revealed the Ijebu’s role in controlling access between the hinterland and Atlantic ports.

Such details made his account an invaluable primary source for historians and geographers of the 19th century and remain essential for modern scholars of Yoruba history.

Legacy

Osifekunde’s life story links three continents—Africa, South America and Europe—and personifies the far-reaching networks of the Atlantic slave trade. His ability to recall the complex social, political and spiritual life of his homeland decades after enslavement demonstrates the resilience of cultural memory among the African diaspora.

Today, both his published narrative and his life mask stand as rare, powerful reminders of the human stories behind global historical forces. Modern Yoruba studies and historians of slavery continue to draw on his testimony as a direct African voice in an era when most ethnographic records were filtered through European traders or missionaries.

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Sources
National Museum of African Art (Smithsonian Institution), “Life Mask of Osifekunde of Ijebu”, collection notes.

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Nollywood actress Sarah Martins apologises for roadside cooking

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Nollywood actress Sarah Martins has formally responded to the Lagos State Government’s warning regarding her recent public cooking activity, clarifying that the event was an emotional reconnection with vulnerable children rather than a deliberate breach of environmental laws.

The response comes after the Lagos State Commissioner for the Environment and Water Resources, Tokunbo Wahab, on Saturday, cautioned the actress against cooking on public roads, warning that she risks arrest and prosecution if she continues the practice.

In an open letter posted on her Instagram handle on Sunday, Martins, the founder of the Sarah Martins Golden Heart Foundation, sought to set the record straight, stating that the meal was prepared in a controlled environment.

“I would like to respectfully clarify that I did not cook on the walkway or on the main street.

“The meal was prepared in front of the King’s Palace under the supervision of security personnel, and the activity took place very far from the main road, ensuring that it did not obstruct movement or create any public nuisance,” she wrote.

Explaining the motivation behind the act, the actress described it as a response to the pleas of street children she frequently encounters.

“The visit was simply born out of an emotional moment. I had deeply missed the bond I share with the vulnerable street children in that area,” she explained.

“As I occasionally drive past that axis, the children often plead with me to come back and cook with them like I used to. On this particular day, I decided to spend some time with them and prepare a meal, purely to reconnect and create memories with the kids who have always shown me genuine love,” she added.

The actress offered an apology to the state government for any perceived impropriety, saying, “My brief return to that location was never intended to create any form of public nuisance, but simply to share a heartfelt moment with children who have continued to ask for my presence.

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“However, if my actions were perceived as inappropriate in any way, I sincerely apologide. I hold the laws and environmental standards of Lagos State in the highest regard.

“Going forward, I will ensure that all cooking activities are carried out strictly within the charity kitchen provided for the foundation.”

In her response, Martins also expressed gratitude to Seyi Tinubu, the President’s son, noting that his donation of a charity kitchen was specifically intended to ensure her feeding programs are conducted in a proper and organised environment, which she said her foundation remains committed to using.

PUNCH Online reports that Martins was arrested in October 2025 by KAI officials while she was cooking on a road median in Lekki, seizing her equipment.

The Lagos State Government defended the operation, with Wahab stating that the actress had engaged in unauthorised activities on public infrastructure in contravention of environmental and sanitation regulations.

While she previously claimed to have received ₦20 million from his office, Seyi Tinubu reportedly denied making the donation personally, saying some friends, moved by compassion, had raised funds to help her secure a proper space for her charity work, but stressed that he did not support any act that violated Lagos State laws.

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My father fought well to stay alive – Onigbinde’s son

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Mr Oyekunle Onigbinde, the last child of the late national coach Festus Onigbinde, has said that although his father was sick, he fought well to stay alive.

Oyekunle made the remarks in an interview with the News Agency of Nigeria in Ibadan on Tuesday.

Describing his father as a generous man who cared for everyone, Oyekunle said his death on Monday came as a huge shock.

“He fought well to stay alive.

“He was sick, but due to old age, his body couldn’t fight the recovery.

“My father was very accommodating; he pulled everyone together.

“He didn’t care who you were; he just wanted everyone happy and united.

“He was the string that knitted many together,” he said.

Meanwhile, renowned sports analyst Tayo Balogun told NAN that his 40-minute phone conversation with Onigbinde in 2025 would forever linger in his memory.

“We went down memory lane, and I thanked him for being who he was: painstaking, foresighted, forthright, forthcoming, and incredibly hardworking.

“I told him I appreciated him and that I was calling to let him know that his contributions to Nigerian football will always be footnoted in history.

“During the call, I noticed his voice had lost some of its vibration. He attributed this to old age, claiming he was as fit as a fiddle.

“He asked after my TV Gang of Feyi Ogunduyile and Modele Sarafa-Yusuf (then known as Oshiinaike),” he said.

Balogun said he praised Onigbinde for his contributions to Shooting Stars Sports Club (3SC).

“He actually changed the name from IICC Shooting Stars.

“I asked him if he remembered that I asked him why he was practising penalty kicks after 3SC had comprehensively beaten Tonnere Kalara Club of Yaounde at the Liberty Stadium, just before the second-leg match.

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“He told me Remi Asuni, the then Oyo State FA Chairman, asked him the same question and that he answered, ‘If we can beat them 4-0 in Ibadan, they may pay us back in Yaounde,’” he said.

The 73-year-old analyst said he also praised Onigbinde for his bravery in selecting players for the 2002 World Cup.

“I told him I understood why he included Mutiu Adepoju, but did not understand why he didn’t play him in any of the matches.

“He said that was the only mistake he made, but that if I noticed, we were quite close in all the matches we played, and if he brought in Mutiu and we lost, it would be blamed on Adepoju,” he said.

Balogun described Onigbinde as the most thorough Nigerian coach he knew.

“Each year, he would draw up a list of requirements for his team.

“With Shooting Stars, he would get 20 per cent, and with the Eagles, he didn’t even get 10 per cent.

“All the same, he got spectacular results with both teams.

“He was the first coach to take a group of rookies like Chibuzor Ehilegbu, Paul Okoku, Femi Olukanmi, and others to Ghana and beat the then-dreaded Black Stars in their country.

“Onigbinde’s memory will remain indelible.

“He was a gentleman, humble, and highly intelligent.

“I am glad I got to know you, sir,” he said.

(NAN)

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The Name Given To Me By My Parents Was A Curse – Phyna

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Reality TV star, Josephina Otabor, popularly known as Phyna, has opened up about the struggles she faced while growing up and why she does not like the name given to her at birth.

During a recent interview with Ezinne Akudo on the show Beyond With Ezinne, the former Big Brother Naija winner said her parents named her Blessing, but she came to dislike the name because her life did not reflect its meaning.

It was reports that Phyna explained that as she was growing up, many parts of her life were very difficult.

According to her, she often felt like she was always begging for love from people around her, including family members, friends and even in relationships.

She said the situation made her feel as if the name Blessing did not match the experiences she was going through.

The reality star also spoke about the pain she felt after the death of her sister. She said the loss deeply affected her, and at one point, she even wished she could die because of the emotional burden she was carrying at the time.

She said, “The name given to me by my parents is Blessing. My reasons for hating that name was you don’t see sense of blessing in my life. Because you know, it felt like I was always begging for love, family love, friendship, even in relationships. In fact, Dem don use am curse me. All aspects of life for me, growing up was very crazy. Even when you’re a teenager, there are things you could get from parents, from friends, family I didn’t have that, but I knew for one that I was going to be big.

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“Then I always tell my aunts, everybody, even when they beat me or maltreat me, today, the next minute I will see when I go watch me for television, you know, I go get money. People always say negative things about me. Even when I’m trying my best, it affects me. It affects my workload. They are quick to broke shame me. In fact, when my sister died, I wanted to die. A lot was going on with me. It actually makes me feel God is with me because so many things have happened that I suppose don really run mad.”

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