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Cudjoe Lewis (Oluale Kossola): The Last Survivor of the Clotilda and Co-Founder of Africatown (PHOTOS)

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Cudjoe Lewis—born Oluale Kossola around 1841 in Bantè, in the kingdom of Dahomey (present-day Benin)—stands as a powerful witness to two intertwined histories: the rich traditions of the Yoruba people of West Africa and the enduring scars of the transatlantic slave trade. Remembered as the last known survivor of the Clotilda, the final recorded slave ship to bring enslaved Africans to the United States, Lewis’s life illuminates both the brutality of enslavement and the resilience of African culture in the Americas.

Early Life and Capture

Kossola was born into the Yoruba ethnic group, whose communities at the time were part of the sophisticated Oyo cultural sphere. His youth was shaped by the rhythms of Yoruba village life until circa 1860, when soldiers of the kingdom of Dahomey—under King Ghezo—conducted one of their frequent slave-raiding expeditions. During this raid Kossola and hundreds of others were seized and marched to the coastal slave port of Ouidah, a key hub in the transatlantic slave trade.

Although the United States had banned the international slave trade in 1808, American slave traders still financed clandestine voyages. In Ouidah, Kossola was sold to American traffickers and forced aboard the schooner Clotilda, along with roughly 110 other captives.

The Illegal Voyage of the Clotilda

The Clotilda’s voyage was organized in secret by Timothy Meaher, a wealthy shipper from Mobile, Alabama, who aimed to defy federal law and profit from human trafficking. In mid-1860 the Clotilda crossed the Atlantic and slipped into Mobile Bay. To destroy evidence of their crime, the crew burned and sank the ship in the Mobile–Tensaw Delta—its remains would not be positively identified until 2019, when maritime archaeologists confirmed the wreck.

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Enslavement and Emancipation

On arrival, Kossola was renamed Cudjoe Lewis, a common practice meant to erase African identity. He was enslaved on Alabama plantations until the end of the American Civil War in 1865, when the Thirteenth Amendment formally ended slavery. Freedom, however, brought daunting challenges: Lewis and his fellow Clotilda survivors had to build livelihoods in a society still marked by racism and economic exclusion.

Founding of Africatown

Determined to preserve their heritage, about thirty Clotilda survivors—including Lewis—pooled their resources and purchased land in 1870 from the Meaher family itself, the very family that had financed their illegal capture. They established a settlement they called Africatown (also known as Africa Town) on the outskirts of Mobile.

The founders organized their community using social and political traditions from their West African homelands, maintained Yoruba and other African languages for decades, and celebrated their ancestral customs. Lewis emerged as a respected elder and community leader, helping to keep the group’s cultural memory alive.

Later Life and Zora Neale Hurston’s Interviews

In the early twentieth century, Lewis shared his memories with journalists, historians, and notably with Zora Neale Hurston, the Harlem Renaissance writer and anthropologist. Hurston interviewed him in the late 1920s, capturing his vivid recollections of capture, the Middle Passage, and the founding of Africatown. Publishers of the time rejected the manuscript for its unflinching portrayal of slavery; it remained unpublished until 2018, when it appeared as Barracoon: The Story of the Last “Black Cargo”.
Lewis died on July 26, 1935, in Africatown, by then recognized as the last known survivor of the transatlantic slave trade.

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Legacy and Historical Significance

Cudjoe Lewis’s life underscores the persistence of the illegal slave trade more than fifty years after it was outlawed in the United States. His testimony preserves an authentic African perspective on capture, enslavement, and cultural survival. Africatown—today a U.S. National Register of Historic Places site—remains a living symbol of resilience, where descendants and preservationists continue to honor the memory of Lewis and his fellow founders.

The 2019 confirmation of the Clotilda wreck renewed international attention to Africatown’s history and to the broader story of the Atlantic slave trade’s last chapter. Lewis’s journey—from Yoruba village child to elder of an African American community—remains a powerful narrative of endurance, identity, and the unbreakable ties between Africa and its diaspora.

Sources
Hurston, Zora Neale. Barracoon: The Story of the Last “Black Cargo.” Amistad, 2018.

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Nigeria’s ambassador-designate to Algeria, Lele, dies at 50

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The Federal Government has announced the death of Nigeria’s ambassador-designate to Algeria, Mohammed Mahmud Lele, who died at the age of 50.

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs disclosed this in a statement issued in Abuja on Wednesday by its spokesperson, Kimiebi Ebienfa.

According to the ministry, Lele died in the early hours of April 19, 2026, in Ankara, Türkiye, after a protracted illness.

The ministry described the late diplomat as a dedicated officer who served the country with distinction.

“The late Ambassador Lele, until his death after a protracted illness, was the Director in charge of the Middle East and Gulf Division in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

“Ambassador Lele, a career diplomat, was recently appointed by President Bola Ahmed Tinubu as Ambassador-designate to the People’s Democratic Republic of Algeria, following the Nigerian Senate’s confirmation of his nomination,” the statement said.

Born in Gamawa, Bauchi State, in 1976, Lele studied Economics at Bayero University, Kano, and went on to serve in Nigerian missions in Berlin, Lomé and Riyadh.

“Ambassador Lele was known for his intellectual depth, strategic insight and commitment to the advancement of Nigeria’s foreign policy objectives,” the statement added.

The Permanent Secretary of the ministry, Dunoma Umar Ahmed, who received the remains of the late diplomat at the Nnamdi Azikiwe International Airport, Abuja, described him as “a hardworking, humble and fine officer, who will be sorely missed by the ministry.”

The ministry added that his death “is a monumental loss not only to his immediate family but also to the entire Foreign Service community and the Federal Republic of Nigeria.”

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Lele was buried on Wednesday in Kano in accordance with Islamic rites.

The ministry extended condolences to his family, associates, and the government and people of Bauchi State, praying for the peaceful repose of his soul and strength for those he left behind.

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Governor Amuneke reveals party officials offered him dollars to alter anti-govt skits

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Comedian Kevin Chinedu, popularly known as Kevinblak, has revealed that officials of a political party offered him dollars to change his satirical skits criticising politicians and governance.

He made the disclosure on Monday in an interview on ARISEtv’s Arise 360 programme, where he spoke about the pressures facing content creators who hold public officials accountable through humour.

Chinedu, known for his character Governor Amuneke, said the approach came at a particularly vulnerable moment, shortly after his wife had a Caesarean section and he was under financial strain.

“They said they were going to change my life, that I’m earning crumbs, you know, give me dollars. They mentioned that my colleagues are in the game and all of that,” he said.

He declined to name the party, saying only that it was “Amuneke’s party”, a reference to the fictional political figure in his skits, and cautioned against any attempt to identify it publicly.

“Don’t mention names, trust me, don’t mention names,” he said.

Despite the financial pressure, the comedian said he turned down the offer, recalling how the officials had tried to lure him to Abuja with the promise of a life-changing sum.

“I had a lot of bills on my head and I just heard come, come to Abuja, let’s change your life. Dollars upon dollars,” he said.

He said he ultimately held firm, guided by a personal code he had maintained throughout his career.

“I looked at it, I said, no, I am who I am. I’ve been here for a long time, and I’ve never been in any illegal thing, and I’ve never been somewhere, you know, I’m doing something because I’m being influenced, because of money.

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“If I want to do it, it should be something I’m doing because I want to do it. So, you know, it is what it is,” he said.

When asked whether friends had urged him to accept the money, Chinedu said his inner circle was equally principled, and had themselves been approached and refused.

“I don’t have friends that are easily overwhelmed with money. I have people who have principles because they have, you know, approached them, they themselves. So, we always have that conversation,” he said.

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Over 4,600 Nigerian doctors relocate to UK in three years – Report

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Nigeria’s already fragile healthcare system is facing renewed strain as no fewer than 4,691 doctors have relocated to the United Kingdom since President Bola Tinubu assumed office on May 29, 2023, fresh data from the General Medical Council shows.

The UK GMC is a public official register detailing the number of practising doctors in the UK alongside other details such as their areas of speciality, country of training, among others.

The mass migration represents not just a human resource crisis but a significant economic loss.

With the Federal Government estimating that it costs about $21,000 to train a single doctor, Nigeria has effectively lost at least $98.5m in training investments within less than two years.

The figure put the total number of Nigeria-trained doctors currently practising in the UK to about 15,692, making Nigeria one of the largest sources of foreign-trained doctors in Britain, second only to India.

As of May 28, 2025, official records showed that the number of Nigerian-trained doctors in the UK was a little over 11,000. The figure has grown significantly since then.

The exodus of doctors comes as Nigeria’s doctor-to-population ratio hovers around 3.9 per 10,000 people, far below the minimum threshold recommended by the World Health Organisation.

For many health experts, the numbers confirm what has long been visible: a system gradually losing its most critical workforce.

The Nigerian Medical Association has repeatedly warned that poor remuneration, unsafe working conditions, and inadequate infrastructure are pushing doctors out of the country.

“Our members are overworked, underpaid and exposed to unsafe environments daily. Many are simply burnt out,” the NMA said in one of its recent statements addressing workforce migration.

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Similarly, the National Association of Resident Doctors has consistently highlighted the toll on younger doctors, who form the backbone of Nigeria’s tertiary healthcare system.

“Doctors are leaving because the system is failing them—irregular salaries, excessive workload, and lack of training opportunities,” NARD noted during one of its nationwide engagements.

Ironically, the doctor exodus persists even as Nigeria continues to spend heavily on healthcare abroad.

While official foreign exchange data shows only modest spending on medical tourism in recent years, broader estimates suggest Nigerians still spend hundreds of millions of dollars annually seeking treatment overseas.

For instance, a recent report by The PUNCH revealed that foreign exchange outflow for health-related travel by Nigerians surged to $549.29m in the first nine months of 2025, a 17.96 per cent increase from $465.67m in the same period of 2024, according to official data by Nigeria’s apex bank.

A public health expert, Dr David Adewole, noted that the Federal Government’s national policy on health workforce migration, aimed at curbing the growing trend of health professionals leaving the country—commonly referred to as ‘Japa’—is a good initiative, but may not do much to address the fundamental problems of the shortage of skilled healthcare professionals in Nigeria, particularly in rural and underserved areas.

According to him, many of the push factors for health professionals emigrating to greener pastures, like insecurity, emolument and lack of basic amenities like potable water, health facilities, cost of living and constant electricity, persisted.

He stated: “To make healthcare workers stay here, let the salaries be enough so that what you earn will be much more than the multiples of what you need for basic needs, like food, power supply, housing, and so forth.

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“People still look at life after retirement. You might have a good policy, but its implementation is the issue. For example, you are retired, and for your retirement package, you don’t need to know anyone for it to be processed promptly.

“Then subsequently, your monthly pension, without pressing anybody, should be paid. Those things are not here.

“And when you go to the hospital abroad, if you tell them that you are in a hurry, you go to your home; they’ll bring the medicines to your doorstep.”

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