Food and beverage imports increased to N677.3bn in the first half of 2025, a 44.48 per cent rise from N468.76bn in the same period of 2024, prompting renewed calls for stronger government support to enhance local industry capacity and reduce dependency on imports.
Data from the National Bureau of Statistics showed that while the value of primary food and beverage imports mainly for household consumption surged, the value of processed food and beverages consumed by households recorded a marginal 1.85 per cent decline, falling from N699.58bn in H1 2024 to N686.81bn in H1 2025.
Meanwhile, primary food and beverage imports mainly for industrial use grew in six months by 1.37 per cent from N969.22bn to N982.49bn, while processed imports for industrial use rose by 7.28 per cent from N984.16bn to N1.06tn in the same period.
This came as members of the Organised Private Sector who spoke to The PUNCH in separate phone interviews linked the surge in food imports to weak local production, insecurity, inconsistent agricultural policy, and consumer preference for imported products perceived to have better quality and availability.
Trust deficiency
The Chairman of the Lagos Chamber of Commerce and Industry, Agricultural and Allied Group, Tunde Banjoko, said the figures reflected a lack of trust in locally produced raw materials and food items.
“From this data, what one can simply infer is that people trust the quality and integrity of imported raw materials, foodstuff, and beverages for household consumption more than what is being produced locally,” he said.
Banjoko noted that factors such as price competitiveness, quality control, and availability played significant roles in shaping consumer preferences.
He added, “We are still battling with inadequate funding to do things properly the way they ought to be done. The quality of our seedlings, the use of chemicals, and our production processes are still affecting the overall output.”
The LCCI agric group chief added that the country’s poor storage systems and weak commodity boards had worsened the problem, leading to seasonal shortages of local produce.
He advised the Federal Government to establish stronger funding mechanisms for agribusinesses and guarantee offtake systems through commodity boards to stabilise supply. “We need to get proper storage and make them available.
Commodity boards need a guarantee of offtake so that these products can be available, stored properly, and made available to the market when needed,” Banjoko stressed.
He maintained that the government must act to ensure businesses are scalable and interesting to local producers so that they can compete effectively. With the right policies, these numbers should begin to drop and ease pressure on foreign exchange,”
Insecurity crippling output
The President of the Association of Small Business Owners of Nigeria, Dr Femi Egbesola, explained that insecurity and low technological adoption in agriculture were among the main reasons Nigeria continued to rely on food imports.
Egbesola said, “Most of the farmers are no longer on the farms because of insecurity. Many farmlands have been deserted. That is where the primary products come from. It is when the farmers plant and harvest. That is when the manufacturers and other users can buy from them and use them as their inputs. This time, many of the farms are deserted.”
He noted that Nigeria’s agricultural productivity remained far below global standards due to the use of outdated tools and practices.
“For instance, what it takes to produce 10 tons of cassava in Nigeria requires about 30 acres of land, whereas in the Netherlands, the same 10 tons come from just three plots. That shows how far behind we are in technology use,” he said.
He urged the government to integrate technology into farming, upgrade peasant farmers, and invest in agricultural mechanisation to close the production gap.
“To Small and Medium-sized Enterprises, this wide gap presents investment opportunities. It’s a sign that there is strong business potential in local production if we can look inward and bridge these deficits,” Egbesola said.
The Director of the Centre for the Promotion of Private Enterprise, Dr Muda Yusuf, attributed the rise in food and beverage imports partly to government import waivers and increased demand for staple foods such as wheat-based products.
“The biggest driver of food imports is in the wheat value chain; bread, pastries, and noodles, which are staple foods in Nigeria,” Yusuf explained.
He said the Federal Government’s 180-day waiver to import maize and brown rice in 2024 had influenced the 2025 figures, as many of those imports entered the country early this year. “Another factor is that the data are in naira terms, and with currency depreciation, the import values appear higher even if the physical quantities are not significantly more,” he added.
Yusuf advised the government to focus on improving agricultural value chains, supporting wheat alternatives, and reducing policy inconsistencies that discourage local investors.
Purchasing power
Meanwhile, the Director-General of the Nigerian Association of Small and Medium Enterprises, Eke Ubiji, lamented rising economic hardship. He cautioned that the rising import figures did not suggest that Nigerians’ purchasing power had improved.
“I strongly doubt that these numbers mean consumers’ purchasing power has increased. Many people have reduced what they buy because of inflation,” Ubiji said.
The NASME chief noted that the growth in imports may reflect industrial demand rather than increased household consumption, as consumers have increasingly turned to smaller, cheaper product sizes.
He said, “Even people who were not used to eating instant noodles before are now eating them because that’s what their money can afford. The economy has forced consumers to adjust downward.”
Ubiji criticised government claims of improvement in living conditions, noting that essential food items remained unaffordable for many Nigerians.
Stakeholders agreed that reversing Nigeria’s growing reliance on food and beverage imports required coordinated policy action across the agricultural, manufacturing, and trade sectors.
They urged the Federal Government to tackle insecurity, strengthen value addition in local production, incentivise agribusiness investment, and improve access to finance for farmers and processors.
Banjoko summed it up: “If we can make local production sustainable and competitive through funding, technology, and storage infrastructure, Nigeria can reduce its import dependence and ease pressure on foreign exchange.”
Fight for food security
The Federal Government has long battled to ensure food security in Nigeria. Official statistics have identified food inflation as a major aggravator of core inflation. Nigerians have found it increasingly difficult to access food over the past five years owing to import restrictions of the former President Muhammadu Buhari administration and insecurity.
The inflationary trend began to soften with the President Bola Tinubu administration’s national emergency on food security, which freed up import restrictions for 150 days on selected food items, including rice. Notably, local farmers decried the policy as reversing gains made in building the country’s self-sufficiency.
Whereas the Federal Government has lauded its efforts in executing the temporary import duty waiver for bringing down food prices, the rebased Consumer Price Index has also deemphasised the weight of food baskets in the inflation calculation.
Present food inflation figures are dropping, according to NBS data. As of September 2025, the food inflation rate was 16.87 per cent on a year-on-year basis. It was 20.9 percentage points lower compared to the rate recorded in September 2024 (37.77 per cent).
Stakeholders have warned of lingering risks to food supply and affordability. The PUNCH earlier reported that Nigeria’s agricultural import bill soared to N2.22tn in the first half of 2025, signifying more imported food to meet the growing needs of the local population.
Yet, farmers, rice millers, and stakeholders argued that the Federal Government’s policies are undermining local production and worsening food insecurity.
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