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NNPC subsidiaries’ debt balloons 70% to N30tn

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Despite its transition into a commercial entity, the Nigerian National Petroleum Company Limited is grappling with mounting financial pressure as unviable and underperforming subsidiaries deepen inter-company indebtedness, pushing outstanding obligations owed to the company to N30.30tn.

Latest findings from NNPC’s 2024 audited financial statements showed that debts owed by subsidiaries, joint ventures, and other related entities rose by 70.4 per cent, or N12.52tn, from N17.78tn in 2023 to N30.30tn as of December 31, 2024. The sharp increase has raised fresh concerns about the company’s liquidity management and long-term financial sustainability.

An analysis of the audited accounts, recently released by the oil firm, conducted on Sunday, revealed that several of the national oil company’s core operating subsidiaries—particularly its refineries, trading arms, and gas infrastructure units—accounted for the bulk of the ballooning intercompany receivables.

The report showed that while the national oil company operates 32 subsidiaries, only eight are not indebted to the parent company, leaving the majority burdened with varying levels of inter-company debt.

This development comes as NNPC continues to navigate concerns surrounding the write-off of substantial debts owed to the Federation and advances plans to divest non-core assets as part of its ongoing transformation into a profitable, commercially oriented national oil company.

Last week, The PUNCH exclusively reported that President Bola Tinubu approved the cancellation of a significant portion of the debts owed by NNPC to the Federation Account, wiping off about $1.42bn and N5.57tn after a reconciliation of records between both parties.

The company has also begun moves to sell stakes in some of its oil and gas assets.

Announcing the company’s 2024 financial results, Group Chief Executive Officer, Bashir Bayo Ojulari, said NNPC recorded a Profit After Tax of N5.4tn on the back of N45.1tn in revenue for the year, representing increases of 64 per cent and 88 per cent respectively over the 2023 figures.

Despite these strong headline numbers, the surge in inter-company debts to N30.30tn underscores the need for a rethink of liquidity strategy and balance-sheet management if the company is to sustain profitability and successfully execute its planned divestments and restructuring.

Topping the list of subsidiaries owing NNPC is the Port Harcourt Refining Company Limited, which posted inter-company debts of N4.22tn in 2024, up sharply from N2.00tn in 2023. This reflects the financial strain associated with years of rehabilitation spending and prolonged operational downtime.

Next was the Kaduna Refining and Petrochemical Company Limited, whose obligations rose to N2.39tn from N1.36tn a year earlier, while the Warri Refining and Petrochemical Company Limited owed N2.06tn, up from N1.17tn in 2023.

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The PUNCH reports that although the Port Harcourt, Warri, and Kaduna refineries have undergone several rounds of turnaround maintenance aimed at boosting domestic refined petroleum output, they have yet to operate sustainably at commercially viable levels.

As a result, they remain largely dependent on continued financial support from the parent company, contributing significantly to rising inter-company debts reflected in NNPC’s 2024 accounts.

NNPC’s trading operations also featured prominently, with NNPC Trading SA owing the parent company N19.15tn, more than double the N8.57tn recorded in the previous year.

Smaller but notable receivables were recorded from NNPC Gas Infrastructure Company Limited (N847.98bn), Nigerian Pipelines and Storage Company Limited (N466.74bn), Maiduguri Emergency Power Plant (N179.33bn), NNPC Eighteen Operating Limited (N681m), NNPC Trading Services (UK) Limited (N1.97bn), Nidas Shipping Service Agency Limited (N1.26bn), Kaduna IPP Limited (N1.83bn), Kano IPP Limited (N1.47bn) and Hyson Nigeria Limited (Joint Venture) (N102m).

Other subsidiaries with outstanding balances include Petroleum Products Marketing Company Limited (N264.75bn), NNPC Medical Services Limited (N106.75bn), NNPC Shipping and Logistics Limited (N99.99bn), NNPC Gas Marketing Company Limited (N54.71bn), NNPC Engineering and Technical Company Limited (N50.86bn), Gwagwalada Power Limited (N326.58bn), National Petroleum Telecommunication Limited (N26.37bn), NNPC LNG Limited (N28.22bn), NNPC Properties Limited (N18.94bn), and NNPC New Energy Limited (N5.51bn).

In total, amounts owed by related parties climbed from N17.78tn in 2023 to N30.30tn in 2024, underscoring deepening liquidity pressures within the NNPC group structure.

Conversely, the report showed that NNPC’s obligations to its subsidiaries and related entities also increased, rising to N20.51tn in 2024 from N14.17tn in 2023, representing a 44.7 per cent year-on-year increase.

The bulk of this exposure relates to NNPC Trading Limited, to which the national oil company owed N16.36tn as of December 2024, up sharply from N6.70tn a year earlier.

Similarly, NNPC Exploration and Production Limited was owed N4.02tn, down from N4.85tn in 2023, while smaller balances were recorded for NNPC Retail Limited (N10.95bn), NNPC HMO (N3.47bn), Antan Producing Limited (N7.20bn) and NNPC Gas Infrastructure Company Limited (N106.97bn).

The sharp rise in inter-company balances reflects lingering financial complexities arising from NNPCL’s transition from a state corporation to a limited liability company under the Petroleum Industry Act.

The swelling debts come amid the company’s renewed push to divest non-core assets, improve liquidity and attract external capital. NNPCL has repeatedly signalled plans to sell stakes in refineries, pipelines, power plants and other infrastructure assets to strengthen its balance sheet.

Recently, the company confirmed it was reviewing its asset portfolio to unlock value, reduce debt exposure and reposition itself as a commercially viable national oil company capable of competing globally.

Energy experts say resolving inter-company receivables and payables will be critical if NNPC is to execute its asset-sale plans successfully and reassure potential investors of its financial discipline.

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Commenting, petroleum economist Prof Wumi Iledare said NNPC must begin operating as a true commercial holding company by enforcing strict settlement timelines among subsidiaries and ending the practice of allowing inter-company obligations to linger indefinitely.

He warned that the N30.3tn inter-company debts recorded in NNPC’s 2024 audited accounts point to deep-rooted structural and governance weaknesses, rather than outright insolvency.

In a personal note reacting to The PUNCH report titled “NNPC’s N30.3tn Debt, A Simple Way to See It from PEWI’s Lens,” Iledare said the scale and pace of the debt build-up should raise red flags, particularly as it represents a 70 per cent increase within a single year.

“The audited report showing N30.3tn in debts between NNPC and its subsidiaries should worry us, not because NNPC is ‘bankrupt,’ but because it exposes a deep structural problem.

“Most of this debt is NNPC owing itself. That usually happens when subsidiaries keep operating without paying for crude, products, or services, while losses are quietly carried forward. But a 70 per cent jump in one year is a clear warning sign. It means inefficiencies are growing faster than reforms.

“Only eight out of 32 subsidiaries being debt-free tells us this is not bad luck; it is weak commercial discipline,” he said.

Iledare stressed that the issue could not be dismissed as operational misfortune, noting that the solution lies in enforcing strict commercial rules rather than writing off debts.

“Even internal debt affects operations. Cash that should go into maintenance, investments and growth is tied down. Profitable units end up subsidising weak ones. Over time, accountability disappears, and performance suffers. The real fix is not debt forgiveness.

“NNPC must act like a true commercial holding company: enforce settlement timelines between subsidiaries, restructure or merge non-viable entities, clearly separate legacy pre-PIA debts from new obligations, and hold subsidiary CEOs accountable for cash flow and profitability,” he added.

He concluded that the rising inter-company debt burden represents a defining moment for the restructured national oil company.

“Bottom line: this debt is a governance test, not just an accounting number. If tolerated, it will recreate the old NNPC problems under a new name. If confronted honestly, it can become the turning point toward a truly profitable, PIA-compliant NNPC.”

Also commenting, the Chief Executive Officer of Petroleumprice.ng, Jeremiah Olatide, said the 70 per cent increase from 2023 reflects “financial recklessness” within the national oil company. “The N30.3tn debt owed by NNPCL and its subsidiaries is quite alarming,” Olatide told The PUNCH.

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“A 70 per cent increase from 2023 represents financial recklessness. This debt burden could have a largely negative impact on the company’s operations, given that 25 out of 33 subsidiaries are in debt.

“If not for the intervention of the Federal Government to cancel $1.42bn in legacy debts to ease financial pressure—which is commendable—NNPCL management would be under even greater strain. However, the cycle of debt must be urgently addressed, as it will be detrimental to future operations,” he said.

Olatide added that a strong debt-management framework is essential for NNPCL’s sustainability. “Going forward, proper debt management and restructuring, combined with regular audits and transparent reporting, will enhance accountability and help mitigate the recycling of debts within the group,” he said.

Meanwhile, NNPC’s borrowings more than doubled in 2024, rising from N55.7bn in 2023 to N122.8bn, according to the company’s audited financial statements. The increase, driven largely by new loan arrangements and accrued interest, reflects efforts to fund strategic projects such as the Gwagwalada Independent Power Project.

The report showed that the company added N44.36bn in new borrowings during the year, alongside N1.69bn in interest and an exchange adjustment of N4.02bn, bringing total borrowings to N122.76bn as of December 31, 2024.

Of this amount, N70.56bn was classified as current borrowings, while N52.20bn was non-current, highlighting repayment obligations extending beyond 12 months.

According to the report, loan facilities were extended by NNPC E&P Limited and The Wheel Insurance Company to fund the Gwagwalada IPP. NNPC E&P disbursed N92bn in 2023, repayable over four years with a one-year moratorium on principal repayment, while The Wheel Insurance provided N46bn in 2024, repayable over one year with a six-month moratorium. Interest on both facilities accrues at 30-day Term SOFR plus a four per cent margin, with an additional liquidity premium applied to the NNPC E&P loan.

The report also indicated that the consolidated group reported no borrowings in both 2023 and 2024, suggesting that these liabilities are company-level obligations and do not reflect debt at the subsidiary or joint-venture level.

The surge in loans comes as NNPCL continues to manage complex inter-company debt dynamics, with subsidiaries owing the parent company N30.3tn as of 2024, raising further questions about internal cash management and the financial sustainability of certain units within the group.

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Bank recapitalisation: Local investors provide 72% of N4.6tn

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The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) on Wednesday said domestic investors accounted for the bulk of funds raised under its banking sector recapitalisation programme, contributing 72.55 per cent of the N4.65tn total capital secured by lenders.

The apex bank disclosed this in a statement marking the conclusion of the exercise, which began in March 2024 and saw 33 banks meet the new minimum capital requirements.

The statement was jointly signed by the Director of Banking Supervision, Olubukola Akinwunmi, and the Acting Director of Corporate Communications, Hakama Sidi-Ali.

According to the CBN, Nigerian investors provided about N3.37tn of the total capital raised, underscoring strong domestic confidence in the banking sector, while foreign investors accounted for the remaining 27.45 per cent.

“Over the 24-month period, Nigerian banks raised a total of N4.65tn in new capital, strengthening the resilience of the financial system and enhancing its capacity to support the economy,” the statement said.

Commenting on the outcome, the CBN Governor, Olayemi Cardoso, said, “The recapitalisation programme has strengthened the capital base of Nigerian banks, reinforcing the resilience of the financial system and ensuring it is well-positioned to support economic growth and withstand domestic and external shocks.”

The bank confirmed that 33 lenders had met the revised capital thresholds, while a few others were still undergoing regulatory and judicial processes.

“The CBN confirms that 33 banks have met the revised minimum capital requirements established under the programme,” it stated.

“A limited number of institutions remain subject to ongoing regulatory and judicial processes, which are being addressed through established supervisory and legal frameworks.

“All banks remain fully operational, ensuring continued access to banking services for customers.”

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The regulator stressed that the recapitalisation exercise was completed without disrupting banking operations nationwide, noting that key prudential indicators, particularly capital adequacy ratios, had improved and remained above global Basel benchmarks.

Minimum capital adequacy ratios were pegged at 10 per cent for regional and national banks and 15 per cent for banks with international licences.

The CBN added that the exercise coincided with a gradual exit from regulatory forbearance, a move it said improved asset quality, strengthened balance sheet transparency, and enhanced overall system stability.

To sustain the gains, the apex bank said it had strengthened its risk-based supervision framework, including periodic stress tests and requirements for adequate capital buffers.

It added that supervisory and prudential guidelines would be reviewed regularly to improve governance, risk management, and resilience across the sector.

“The successful completion of the programme establishes a stronger and more resilient banking system, better positioned to support lending, mobilise savings, and withstand domestic and global shocks,” the statement added.

Meanwhile, data from the National Bureau of Statistics showed that foreign capital inflows into the banking sector rose by 93.25 per cent year-on-year to $13.53bn in 2025 from $7.00bn in 2024, reflecting strong investor interest during the recapitalisation drive.

However, the Centre for the Promotion of Private Enterprise has cautioned that despite the strengthened banking system, credit to small businesses remains weak, warning that the benefits of the reforms are yet to fully impact the real economy.

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Court freezes N448m assets in Keystone Bank debt recovery suit

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The Federal High Court in Lagos has ordered the freezing of funds and assets valued at N448,263,172.41 in a debt recovery suit instituted by Keystone Bank Limited against five defendants.

The order was made on March 26, 2026, by Justice Chukwujekwu Aneke following an ex parte application moved by Keystone Bank’s counsel Mofesomo Tayo-Oyetibo (SAN), against Relic Resources, Olufunmilayo Emmanuella Alabi, Uwadiale Donald Agenmonmen, The Magnificent Multi Services Limited, and Raedial Farms Limited.

In his ruling, Justice Aneke granted a Mareva injunction restraining the defendants, whether by themselves, their agents, privies, or assigns, from withdrawing, transferring, dissipating, or otherwise dealing with funds, shares, dividends, and other financial instruments standing to their credit in any bank or financial institution in Nigeria, up to the sum in dispute.

The court further directed all banks and financial institutions within the jurisdiction to forthwith preserve any funds belonging to the defendants upon being served with the order.

The said institutions were also ordered to depose to affidavits within seven days of service, disclosing the balances in all accounts maintained by the defendants, together with the relevant statements of account.

In addition, the court granted a preservative order restraining the defendants from disposing of, alienating, or otherwise encumbering any movable or immovable property, including any future or contingent interests, up to the value of the alleged indebtedness.

The court also granted leave for substituted service of the originating and other court processes on the second and third defendants by courier delivery to their last known addresses.

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The matter was adjourned to April 9, 2026, for mention.

According to the originating processes before the court, the suit arises from a N500 million overdraft facility granted by the claimant to the first defendant on March 28, 2023, for a tenure of 365 days at an interest rate of 32 per cent per annum.

The claimant averred that the facility, initially secured by a $200,000 cash collateral and subsequently by a mortgaged property located at Itunu City, Epe, Lagos, expired on March 27, 2024, leaving an outstanding indebtedness of N448,263,172.41 as at October 31, 2024.

In the affidavit in support of the application, the claimant alleged that the facility was diverted for personal use by the third defendant and channelled through the fourth and fifth defendant companies.

It further contended that the first defendant is no longer a going concern and has failed, refused, and neglected to liquidate the outstanding indebtedness despite several demands made between May and October 2025.

The claimant also expressed apprehension that the defendants may dissipate or conceal their assets, thereby rendering nugatory any judgment that may be obtained in the suit, and consequently urged the court to grant the reliefs sought in the interest of justice.

After considering the application and submissions of learned silk, Justice Aneke granted all the reliefs sought and adjourned the matter to April 9, 2026, for further proceedings.

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Sanwo-Olu unveils Lagos 2026 economic blueprint, vows inclusive growth

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The Lagos State Governor, Babajide Sanwo-Olu, on Tuesday unveiled the 2026 edition of the Lagos Economic Development Update, reaffirming his administration’s commitment to driving inclusive growth and ensuring that economic progress translates into tangible benefits for all residents of the state.

The unveiling of this year’s outlook, held in Ikeja, provides an in-depth analysis of the state’s economic trajectory, capturing global, national, and local developments shaping Lagos’ growth outlook.

Represented by his deputy, Obafemi Hamzat, the governor described the report as more than a policy document, noting that it serves as a strategic compass for guiding economic direction and strengthening decision-making.

He added that despite global economic headwinds — including post-pandemic recovery challenges, inflationary pressures, and exchange rate fluctuations — the state has remained resilient through deliberate policies, fiscal discipline, and sustained investment in critical infrastructure.

“It is with a deep sense of responsibility and optimism that I join you today to officially launch the third edition of the Lagos Economic Development Update — LEDU 2026.

“This platform has evolved beyond a mere policy document; it has become a compass guiding our economic direction, shaping decisions, and reinforcing our commitment to building a resilient, inclusive, and prosperous Lagos,” he said.

He noted that while the global economic environment has remained unpredictable, Lagos has stayed on course through “clarity, discipline, and foresight,” anchored on the T.H.E.M.E.S+ Agenda.

According to him, the state had strengthened its fiscal framework, improved revenue generation, and invested in infrastructure critical to long-term growth.

Sanwo-Olu further highlighted progress recorded since the inception of LEDU, including the expansion of the state’s economic base driven by innovation, entrepreneurship, and digitalisation; improved efficiency in revenue systems; and sustained infrastructure development spanning roads, ports, energy, and urban planning.

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He added that continued investment in human capital remains central, as “people are the true engine of growth.”

Speaking on the theme of this year’s report, “Consolidating Resilience, Advancing Competitiveness, Delivering Shared Prosperity,” the governor said it reflects Lagos’ current economic priorities.

He explained that consolidating resilience involves strengthening institutions and fiscal discipline, while advancing competitiveness requires boosting productivity, innovation, and investment.

Delivering shared prosperity, he added, means ensuring growth translates into jobs, expanded opportunities, and improved livelihoods for residents.

Looking ahead, he reaffirmed the administration’s commitment to economic diversification, private sector-led growth, data-driven governance, sustainable urban development, and social inclusion.

He also stressed the importance of partnerships with the private sector, development institutions, civil society, and the international community in achieving the state’s development goals.

“As we launch this edition of LEDU, I urge all stakeholders to engage actively, strengthen collaboration, and align with our shared vision.

“We have built resilience; now we must translate it into sustained competitiveness and ensure that growth delivers tangible prosperity for every Lagosian,” he said.

Also speaking, the state Commissioner for Economic Planning and Budget, Ope George, said Lagos has demonstrated remarkable resilience in navigating both global and domestic economic challenges.

“Lagos is not just responding to economic shocks — we are building systems that make us stronger because of them,” he said, noting that deliberate policies, disciplined fiscal management, and strategic investments have reinforced the state’s position as a leading subnational economy in Africa.

He added that the state would continue to prioritise economic diversification, private sector growth, sustainable urban development, and social inclusion, stressing that growth must be measured not only by numbers but also by its impact on people’s lives.

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In his goodwill message, Chief Consultant at B. Adedipe Associates Limited, Biodun Adedipe, described the LEDU initiative as a credible framework for tracking economic performance and refining development strategies.

He noted that Lagos remains central to Nigeria’s economy, adding that its continued growth signals broader national progress.

“If Lagos works, a significant share of Nigeria’s commerce works,” he said, expressing optimism about the state’s economic future.

Meanwhile, the Chief Executive Officer of the Nigerian Economic Summit Group, Tayo Adeloju, urged the state government to prioritise affordable housing as a critical driver of shared prosperity.

He noted that high housing costs could limit upward mobility for low-income earners, stressing that making housing more accessible would enhance living standards and support inclusive growth.

Adeloju added that sustained fiscal discipline, improved service delivery, and a broader productive base would further strengthen Lagos’ position among Africa’s leading megacity economies.

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