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Yoruba Traditional Medicine: History, Practices, and Modernization

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Yorùbá medicine, known as egbòogi, is one of the most enduring African systems of herbalism and healing. Practiced predominantly in West Africa and the Caribbean, it remains a vital aspect of Yoruba cultural identity and health care. Rooted in centuries of knowledge, spiritual practices, and natural remedies, Yoruba traditional medicine has evolved from ancient times into a practice that now coexists with modern medical systems.

Historical Development of Yoruba Medicine

The origins of Yoruba traditional medicine date back to the earliest settlements in Ile-Ife, regarded as the cultural and spiritual heart of the Yoruba nation. Traditional medicine formed part of the people’s daily lives, deeply connected with their worldview, religion, and social structure. Health was perceived holistically, involving the body, mind, and spirit, and illnesses were often explained not only in physical but also in spiritual terms.

As Yoruba communities expanded into cities such as Ibadan, Lagos, Abeokuta, Ijebu-Ode, Ilesha, Ado-Ekiti, Osogbo, Ogbomoso, Ilorin, and Ile-Ife, healers and practitioners became central figures in society. Beyond Nigeria, Yoruba medicine spread to Benin, Togo, Cuba, and the Caribbean, carried along by migration and the transatlantic slave trade.

Practices in Diagnosis and Treatment

Yoruba traditional medicine is a multifaceted system that combines herbalism, spiritual healing, divination, and natural therapies. A Traditional Medicine Practitioner (TMP) is recognized by their community as competent to provide healthcare through the use of plants, minerals, animal parts, and spiritual guidance.

Some of the key practices include:

Herbal Medicine: Preparation of remedies using roots, leaves, barks, and seeds.

Bone Setting: Indigenous techniques for fractures and dislocations.

Spiritual Therapies: Healing rituals involving prayers, sacrifices, and consultation with deities.

Maternity and Childcare: Traditional birth attendants (TBAs) overseeing pregnancy and childbirth.

Mental Health Care: Traditional psychiatrists and spiritualists diagnosing and treating psychiatric conditions.

Other Therapies: Aromatherapy, massage therapy, music therapy, and ritual cleansing.

Specialization in Traditional Medicine

Yoruba medicine is not limited to general practice; it includes specialists who cater to specific health challenges:

Herbalists – focusing on plant-based remedies.

Bone Setters – skilled in handling fractures and dislocations.

Traditional Psychiatrists – managing mental and spiritual disturbances.

Traditional Paediatricians – caring for children’s health.

Traditional Birth Attendants (TBAs) – assisting in childbirth.

Occult Practitioners – dealing with mystical and spiritual interventions.

The Role of Religion and Mysticism

Religious beliefs play a central role in Yoruba medicine. Illness is often linked to cosmic or spiritual imbalances, requiring not just physical treatment but also spiritual intervention. Divination systems like Ifá are used for diagnosis, guiding healers toward the cause and solution of an illness. Rituals, incantations, and sacrifices are common elements of healing, reflecting the deep interconnection between health and spirituality.

The Coming of Orthodox Medicine

The introduction of Western, or orthodox, medicine into Nigeria during the colonial period brought significant change. Missionary hospitals, such as the Sacred Heart Hospital in Abeokuta (established in 1885), offered new approaches to health care. This development challenged the dominance of traditional medicine but did not erase its influence. Instead, both systems began to coexist, with many Yoruba people seeking remedies from both traditional healers and modern doctors.

Modernization of Yoruba Medicine

Today, Yoruba traditional medicine is undergoing modernization and standardization. Efforts have been made to document herbal knowledge, regulate traditional practices, and promote safe usage of remedies. Herbal products are increasingly packaged, branded, and sold commercially across Nigeria and abroad.

The Nigerian government, through agencies like NIPRD (National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development), has emphasized the need to integrate traditional medicine into the national healthcare system. However, challenges remain in terms of standardization, dosage measurement, and scientific validation of herbal remedies.

The Way Forward

Yoruba medicine continues to thrive as a cultural heritage and healthcare system. For it to play a stronger role in modern society, government policies need to address:

Proper documentation of medicinal plants and practices.

Regulation of Traditional Medicine Practitioners (TMPs).

Research into the safety and efficacy of herbal remedies.

Collaboration between orthodox medicine and traditional healers.

Yoruba traditional medicine is more than an alternative healing system—it is a cultural legacy that reflects the Yoruba worldview of health, spirituality, and community. Despite the rise of orthodox medicine, egbòogi remains relevant in Nigeria and beyond, serving millions who still rely on its holistic approach. The modernization and proper regulation of this system will not only preserve a valuable cultural heritage but also contribute meaningfully to healthcare delivery in Africa.

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TikToker Jarvis reveals why she’s not married to Peller

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A popular Nigerian TikTok creator, Amadou  Aminata, widely known as Jarvis recently shared insights into her relationship with her boyfriend and creative partner, Peller.

During a candid TikTok live session sighted on Monday, she expressed her readiness to settle down but noted that Peller’s younger age is a key reason they haven’t yet taken the step toward marriage.

Recently, speculation has been growing among fans about when the couple might get married. Many of their followers have noticed their strong chemistry and assumed that marriage might be on the horizon. The two have built a strong online following, with fans closely following both their content and personal relationship.

In the viral conversation, Jarvis looked at Peller and stated, “Let us not lie, the age difference is there because I am older and I accept that and I don’t want it to look like since I am older, I am pressurising him to get married at the wrong time and of course, this is a wrong time for him. Let us be real and logical.

“I am not pushing you, and I am after your happiness, and I don’t want you to get married and start to regret rushing into marriage,” she added.

Her remarks quickly gained traction online, sparking widespread discussions about relationships with age differences and capturing the attention of their large fanbase.

During the conversation, Jarvis looked directly at Peller and said, “By now, I would have gotten married, but your age is the one slowing me down. If you were older than me, we would have gotten married.

“Her statement quickly drew attention online and has since gone viral, with many people sharing their views about relationships where one partner is younger.

Jarvis, who is 23 years old and from Benin City in Edo State, first became famous for her unique style of acting like a robot in her videos.

She started creating content during a period of university strike when a friend encouraged her to try out TikTok

What began as a casual activity soon grew into something much bigger, as people across Nigeria and beyond became attracted to her creative content.

Later, Jarvis teamed up with Peller, who is now her romantic partner as well as her creative partner.

In the early days, she revealed that she was the one supporting him financially while he tried to build his presence online.

With time, Peller also grew in popularity and became more established as a creator. Their teamwork and chemistry made them a well-known pair among young people who follow them on social media.

Today, Jarvis has more than seven million followers on TikTok, making her one of Nigeria’s most successful and easily recognised online personalities. Despite her fame, she continues to face questions from fans about her personal life, especially her relationship with Peller.

Her recent comments about marriage and age have once again placed her in the spotlight, sparking discussions about love, maturity, and the expectations placed on young couple.

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Jonathan Adagogo Green: Nigeria’s First Indigenous Professional Photographer

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Jonathan Adagogo Green (1873–1905) occupies a unique place in Nigerian cultural history as the country’s first indigenous professional photographer. At a time when the camera was still a rare and foreign tool, Green used it to document the Niger Delta during an era of social transformation, leaving behind an invaluable visual record of both tradition and colonial encounter.

Early Life and Education

Born in Bonny, Rivers State, Green was of Ibani (Ijaw) heritage. His upbringing placed him at the heart of a cosmopolitan trading hub, where encounters with Europeans, missionaries, and local aristocracy shaped his worldview. Photography was still an emerging craft in West Africa when Green showed interest. He pursued formal training in Sierra Leone, where he studied the technical aspects of photography, though some scholars suggest he may also have apprenticed with European photographers in Nigeria before traveling.

By the time he returned home, Green had mastered his craft and set up his own studio in Bonny, a groundbreaking step that made him one of the first Nigerians to establish a professional career in photography.

Career and Artistic Vision

Green’s portfolio was as diverse as it was culturally rich. His subjects included:

Local chiefs and dignitaries, often portrayed in elaborate regalia that emphasized traditional authority.
British colonial officials, reflecting the growing imperial influence in the Niger Delta.

Everyday life, trade, and rituals, which provided an intimate glimpse into the rhythms of a society navigating both continuity and change.

His work was widely distributed in postcards and albums, circulating within Nigeria and beyond. This not only shaped local identity but also framed how outsiders perceived the Niger Delta.

Green had a distinctive eye for balance. His portraits often juxtaposed tradition and modernity—capturing chiefs in ceremonial attire alongside colonial officers in uniform, or Nigerian elites in European suits still rooted in indigenous culture. His photography, therefore, was not merely aesthetic but interpretive, offering commentary on the hybrid realities of colonial-era Nigeria.

Challenges of Recognition
For decades, Green’s identity was obscured by his English surname. Many early historians mistakenly assumed he was a European photographer, which delayed the recognition of his role as a Nigerian pioneer. It was only through scholarly research that his Ibani (Ijaw) heritage and indigenous identity were firmly established.

Legacy

Though his career was cut short by his untimely death in 1905 at just 32 years old, Jonathan Adagogo Green left behind a powerful archive of images that remain central to Nigeria’s visual history. Many of his works are preserved in the National Museum, Lagos, as well as in international collections.

In 2003, the National Gallery of Art in Abuja curated an exhibition of his works, reaffirming his status as the “father of Nigerian photography.” Scholars like S. O. Ikpakronyi have since helped cement his rightful place in the narrative of Nigeria’s cultural heritage.

Today, Green is celebrated not just as a photographer but as a visionary who understood the power of the image in defining identity, culture, and history. His work bridged the gap between tradition and modernity, leaving a legacy that continues to inspire generations of Nigerian photographers and visual storytellers.

Source: Ikpakronyi, S. O. Jonathan Adagogo Green: Pioneer Nigerian Photographer. National Gallery of Art, Abuja, 2003.

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Barbara Soky: The Screen Icon Who Defined Nigerian Television Drama

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Barbara Soky is a veteran Nigerian actress and singer whose performances in the 1980s and 1990s made her a household name. She remains one of the defining faces of the golden era of Nigerian television drama.

Early Career and Breakthrough

Barbara Soky first attracted public attention as Rosemary Hart in Inside Out, an NTA drama that gave her an early platform. While often described as her “first major role,” records suggest she had appeared in smaller productions before this breakthrough, making Inside Out one of her earliest but not necessarily her debut television appearance. Her natural charm and screen presence quickly set her apart and prepared the stage for the iconic roles that followed.

Rise to Stardom

Her portrayal of Yinka Fawole in Mirror in the Sun, one of Nigeria’s most beloved soap operas of the 1980s, established her as a national star. Alongside actors such as Funsho Adeolu and Clarion Chukwura, Soky brought life to family drama that resonated across Nigerian households.

She went on to play Daphne Wellington-Cole in Ripples (1988–1993), another landmark NTA production created by Zeb Ejiro. The series became a staple of evening television, and Soky’s sophisticated performance helped shape its enduring popularity.

Music Career

In 1986, at the height of her acting fame, Soky explored a different side of her artistry by releasing the album Going Places. The project leaned into pop and highlife influences, reflecting the musical tastes of urban Nigeria at the time. While not as commercially enduring as her acting career, the record added to her reputation as a multi-talented entertainer.

Hiatus and Return

After years of success, Soky took a step back from the limelight in the late 1990s. Her extended hiatus left fans nostalgic for her screen presence. Reports suggest her return began gradually in the 2000s with roles in Nollywood films, though her high-profile re-entry was much later, with the reboot Ripples: The New Generation, which premiered in 2023. Her reappearance connected a new generation of viewers with the legacy of Nigerian television drama.

Legacy

Barbara Soky’s career reflects the golden era of Nigerian soap operas, when family dramas like Mirror in the Sun and Ripples defined evening entertainment. She stands as a bridge between early television drama and modern Nollywood, remembered for her elegance, versatility, and pioneering contributions to Nigeria’s screen culture.

Her story is one of reinvention: a star who dominated television in the 1980s, explored music in the mid-1980s, stepped away at her peak, and later returned to reconnect with audiences who never forgot her.

Sources:
Nigerian Television Authority (NTA) archives (Mirror in the Sun, Ripples)
Daily Times of Nigeria (1980s

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