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Osifekunde of Ijebu: A Rare First-Person Window into Pre-Colonial Yorubaland and the Atlantic Slave Trade

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Osifekunde of Ijebu (born c. 1795) occupies a unique place in the history of West Africa and the wider Atlantic world. His personal testimony—recorded in Paris in 1838—offers one of the earliest detailed European-language accounts of Yorubaland before British colonial rule, while illuminating the operations of the 19th-century transatlantic slave trade.

Early Life in Ijebu

Osifekunde was born around 1795 in Ijebu-Ode, a key Yoruba kingdom in what is now Ogun State, Nigeria. At the time, Ijebu controlled a prosperous trade corridor linking the interior Yoruba states with the Niger Delta ports, making it a strategic node in regional commerce.

His later testimony, carefully recorded by French geographer Pascal d’Avezac-Macaya, described:
Political organisation—the authority of the Awujale (paramount ruler) and the council of chiefs.
Economic life—busy market centres and long-distance trading routes.

Religion and culture—traditional festivals and Yoruba spiritual practices that pre-dated large-scale European colonial intrusion.

These recollections provide historians with a rare insider’s view of pre-colonial Yoruba society.

Capture and Enslavement

As a young man, Osifekunde travelled toward the Niger Delta on a trading journey. Sources differ slightly on the details: some suggest he was tricked or kidnapped by Ijaw raiders, others that he was seized outright by pirates active in the slave trade.

He was sold to Portuguese slave traders and transported across the Atlantic to Brazil, which by the early 19th century had become the largest importer of enslaved Africans. Enslaved in Rio de Janeiro under a Brazilian master sometimes recorded as M. Ferreira, Osifekunde experienced the harsh realities of the Atlantic slave economy decades after Britain and other European powers had officially outlawed the trade.

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Journey to Paris and Meeting with Pascal d’Avezac

Fate intervened when his Brazilian master travelled to Paris and brought Osifekunde along as a servant. In 1838, he met Pascal d’Avezac-Macaya, a French geographer and ethnographer keen to document African societies.

Recognising the rarity of a first-hand African perspective, d’Avezac recorded Osifekunde’s detailed oral account of Yoruba geography, politics and culture, and even commissioned a plaster life mask of him.

The mask—later held at the Musée de l’Homme in Paris and displayed in the Smithsonian National Museum of African Art—remains a striking physical record of this encounter.

D’Avezac presented Osifekunde’s narrative to the Société de Géographie de Paris in 1841, giving European scholars unprecedented direct testimony of West African society from an African source.

Contributions to Knowledge of Yorubaland

Osifekunde’s recollections went beyond cultural customs:

Geography and trade routes—he mapped major Yoruba towns, described travel times, and explained trade connections from the interior to coastal markets.

Political economy—his observations revealed the Ijebu’s role in controlling access between the hinterland and Atlantic ports.

Such details made his account an invaluable primary source for historians and geographers of the 19th century and remain essential for modern scholars of Yoruba history.

Legacy

Osifekunde’s life story links three continents—Africa, South America and Europe—and personifies the far-reaching networks of the Atlantic slave trade. His ability to recall the complex social, political and spiritual life of his homeland decades after enslavement demonstrates the resilience of cultural memory among the African diaspora.

Today, both his published narrative and his life mask stand as rare, powerful reminders of the human stories behind global historical forces. Modern Yoruba studies and historians of slavery continue to draw on his testimony as a direct African voice in an era when most ethnographic records were filtered through European traders or missionaries.

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Sources
National Museum of African Art (Smithsonian Institution), “Life Mask of Osifekunde of Ijebu”, collection notes.

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World Sleep Day: Doctors advise adults to sleep seven to nine hours daily

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Medical experts have advised adults to get between seven and nine hours of sleep daily to maintain good physical and mental health.

A Consultant Family and Lifestyle Medicine Physician, Dr Moyosore Makinde, gave the advice on Friday in Lagos while speaking with the News Agency of Nigeria to mark World Sleep Day.

Makinde, who is also the President of the Society of Lifestyle Medicine of Nigeria, said adequate sleep plays a vital role in maintaining overall wellbeing, productivity and long-term health.

The 2026 World Sleep Day, themed “Sleep Well, Live Better,” is dedicated to raising awareness about sleep’s critical role in human health and encouraging individuals to adopt healthier sleep habits.

Makinde explained that recommended sleep duration varies by age, noting that while adults require fewer hours, infants and children need longer sleep periods for proper development and overall well-being.

Citing World Health Organisation stipulations, Makinde recommended seven to nine hours of restorative sleep for adults above 18, explaining that infants and children required significantly longer sleep duration.

She decried the high level of sleep deprivation among the populace, noting many people failed to get adequate sleep daily, a situation she warned could negatively affect health, safety and well-being.

Makinde said the fast pace of modern life often left little time for rest, urging Nigerians to deliberately prioritise sleep by creating time for proper rest, relaxation and recovery daily.

She attributed sleep deprivation to multiple factors, including health challenges, lack of time, social media addiction, poor sleeping environments, unhealthy sleep positions, and demanding daily schedules aimed at survival.

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According to Makinde, prolonged sleep deprivation increases risks of accidents, judgment errors, workplace mistakes, Type 2 diabetes, heart disease, obesity, overweight, and certain cancers, including breast and prostate.

“Sleeping well in order to live better is not a myth. Sleep remains one of the most powerful yet often neglected pillars of health and well-being in modern society.

“To maintain good health, adults should have seven to nine restorative hours of sleep per day.

“Infants require up to 16 to 17 hours of sleep, while pre-school and school-age children need up to 13 hours and 12 hours, respectively, for proper brain development,” Makinde added.

According to her, sleep is as important as the food we eat, the water we drink and the air we breathe.

“It is a natural state of rest and a period when the body repairs itself physiologically, restoring energy, strengthening immunity and supporting overall bodily functions.

“Amid the hustle and bustle of work, study and business, particularly in Lagos, Nigerians need to prioritise sleep.

“In doing so, we are also prioritising our health,” she said.

Contributing, a psychiatrist and therapist, Dr Maymunah Kadiri, described sleep as “an integral part of mental well-being,” stressing its critical role in maintaining psychological balance.

Kadiri, also Medical Director of Pinnacle Medical Services, explained that good sleep improved concentration, enhanced brain performance and contributed positively to overall cognitive functioning and emotional stability.

She noted that adequate sleep supported cognitive processes and helped reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety, making it an essential component of maintaining good mental health.

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According to her, healthy sleep goes beyond hours spent in bed, noting that it involves adequate duration, good sleep quality that is uninterrupted and refreshing, and a consistent sleep schedule.

“Sleep significantly benefits mental health. During a good night’s sleep, the brain gets rest and all the nutrients it needs.

“A person who enjoys long-term good sleep develops improved stress resistance. Brain function improves, and the risk of cognitive disorders is significantly reduced over time.

“Sleep has a direct impact on mental health and its quality. It helps process emotions and alleviates stress as well as negative feelings,” Kadiri said.

NAN

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Comedian Broda Shaggy hospitalised after alleged shooting

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Popular comedian, skit maker and social media influencer, Samuel Perry, popularly known as Broda Shaggy, has been hospitalised after he was allegedly shot in the Sango-Ota area of Ogun State, PUNCH Metro has learnt.

It was gathered that the incident occurred under the Sango-Ota bridge on Sunday afternoon.

Although the circumstances surrounding the shooting remain unclear, a police source who spoke on condition of anonymity because he was not authorised to comment on the matter said the content creator sustained the gunshot injury while filming a comedy skit at the location.

According to the source, Broda Shaggy was immediately rushed to the Blooming Care Hospital in the Alakuko area of Lagos State, where he received initial treatment.

“He was shooting a skit under the Sango-Ota bridge when he sustained a gunshot injury. We don’t have details on how it happened yet, but his crew members who were present quickly rushed him to the hospital,” the source said.

The source added that medical personnel at the hospital administered first aid upon his arrival.

Further findings by PUNCH Metro, however, revealed that he was later referred to Duchess Hospital in the Government Residential Area, Ikeja, where he is currently recuperating.

Efforts by our correspondent to reach both hospitals were unsuccessful, as calls made to the contact numbers listed on their social media pages did not connect. A text message sent to them had yet to be replied to as of the time of filing this report.

When contacted on Thursday, the spokesperson for the Lagos State Police Command, Abimbola Adebisi, confirmed the development, noting that the police were alerted by the hospital.

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“The hospital contacted the police to report that a gunshot victim had been brought to their facility. Detectives and a patrol team were immediately mobilised to the hospital, where they discovered that the victim was a skit maker and social media influencer popularly known as Broda Shaggy.

“He was seen on a stretcher with an injury to his thigh. The location of the incident is in Sango-Ota and not within our jurisdiction, but the investigation is ongoing,” she said.

When contacted for further clarification, the spokesperson for the Ogun State Police Command, Oluseyi Babaseyi, said the incident had not been reported to the police in the state.

“The incident was alleged to have occurred in Ogun State, but it was not reported,” he said.

Broda Shaggy’s manager, Olufemi Oguntamu, also known as Penzaar, did not respond to calls made to his phone. A text message sent to him had yet to be replied to as of the time of filing this report.

PUNCH Metro recalls that in October 2024, a popular content creator, Afeez Ojesanmi, popularly known as Salo, was reportedly robbed of his jewellery and shot around the Lekki axis of Lagos State.

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Nollywood actress Sarah Martins apologises for roadside cooking

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Nollywood actress Sarah Martins has formally responded to the Lagos State Government’s warning regarding her recent public cooking activity, clarifying that the event was an emotional reconnection with vulnerable children rather than a deliberate breach of environmental laws.

The response comes after the Lagos State Commissioner for the Environment and Water Resources, Tokunbo Wahab, on Saturday, cautioned the actress against cooking on public roads, warning that she risks arrest and prosecution if she continues the practice.

In an open letter posted on her Instagram handle on Sunday, Martins, the founder of the Sarah Martins Golden Heart Foundation, sought to set the record straight, stating that the meal was prepared in a controlled environment.

“I would like to respectfully clarify that I did not cook on the walkway or on the main street.

“The meal was prepared in front of the King’s Palace under the supervision of security personnel, and the activity took place very far from the main road, ensuring that it did not obstruct movement or create any public nuisance,” she wrote.

Explaining the motivation behind the act, the actress described it as a response to the pleas of street children she frequently encounters.

“The visit was simply born out of an emotional moment. I had deeply missed the bond I share with the vulnerable street children in that area,” she explained.

“As I occasionally drive past that axis, the children often plead with me to come back and cook with them like I used to. On this particular day, I decided to spend some time with them and prepare a meal, purely to reconnect and create memories with the kids who have always shown me genuine love,” she added.

The actress offered an apology to the state government for any perceived impropriety, saying, “My brief return to that location was never intended to create any form of public nuisance, but simply to share a heartfelt moment with children who have continued to ask for my presence.

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“However, if my actions were perceived as inappropriate in any way, I sincerely apologide. I hold the laws and environmental standards of Lagos State in the highest regard.

“Going forward, I will ensure that all cooking activities are carried out strictly within the charity kitchen provided for the foundation.”

In her response, Martins also expressed gratitude to Seyi Tinubu, the President’s son, noting that his donation of a charity kitchen was specifically intended to ensure her feeding programs are conducted in a proper and organised environment, which she said her foundation remains committed to using.

PUNCH Online reports that Martins was arrested in October 2025 by KAI officials while she was cooking on a road median in Lekki, seizing her equipment.

The Lagos State Government defended the operation, with Wahab stating that the actress had engaged in unauthorised activities on public infrastructure in contravention of environmental and sanitation regulations.

While she previously claimed to have received ₦20 million from his office, Seyi Tinubu reportedly denied making the donation personally, saying some friends, moved by compassion, had raised funds to help her secure a proper space for her charity work, but stressed that he did not support any act that violated Lagos State laws.

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