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Six female double first-class law graduates share their story of trials and triumphs

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Six female first class graduates from UNIZIK who also bagged first class honours in law school speak to OGHENOVO EGODO-MICHAEL and ANJOLA DAWODU about their time as undergraduates and how they graduated with flying colours

Integrity, hard work earned me two first class degrees— Alex-Uzoatu Fortunata

Fortunata

Tell us about your background and what inspired you to study law.

I am a double first-class graduate of both the Nigerian Law School and Nnamdi Azikiwe University. I am from Umugama, Umuchu, in Aguata Local Government Area of Anambra State. I had my primary education at Kristobell Junior Academy and my secondary education at Nigerian Navy Secondary School. I am a Christian who believes deeply in the providential hand of God.

I have an unconventional story behind my decision to study law. From primary school, I had always wanted to become a nurse. In fact, my mother had already bought me books on nursing, stages of pregnancy, and other child-care science materials, which I read with great interest. However, one day, my school principal came into our class and called out the names of students who had not paid their school fees. I was shocked to hear the name of one of my classmates. After he left, I asked her what had happened. She told me that a lawyer had taken all her father’s money while trying to recover his seized goods from the Nigeria Customs Service.

In my childish understanding, I thought it seemed admirable to legally take other people’s money. From that moment, whenever anyone asked what I wanted to become, I proudly answered, “a barrister.”

Were there any unconventional study methods or strategies you used that others might not expect?

I believe there is nothing entirely new under the sun, so my methods may not have been unconventional. However, my first “secret” can be summed up in three words: the right information. I made sure I understood each lecturer’s expectations, used the right study materials, and practised with past questions. This required actively making inquiries.

Second, I read ahead of classes, especially since some legal concepts can be difficult at first glance. This gave me a foundation before lectures and helped me connect ideas more easily. Attending classes was also non-negotiable. If there were 500 classes, I attended about 480. The remaining 20 may explain why I was close to a Second Class Lower in my first year. Classes helped me understand both the lecturer’s mindset and the coursework.

I also made extensive use of mnemonics to remember long lists.

Also, I believed strongly in repetition. I would read a topic multiple times, regardless of how many revisions it took. I also went beyond class notes to make my scripts stand out. My exam papers were often written in both red and blue ink, as is common in law exams. Importantly, I never left any question unanswered, even when unsure.

Lastly—and most importantly—there was the God factor. After each examination, I would pray over my scripts, my registration number, and for favour in the marking process.

Did you ever experience self-doubt, and how did you push through it?

Yes, I experienced a great deal of self-doubt. There were times I feared I might fail the Bar finals, even though I had prepared extensively. With the Nigerian Law School system, anything can happen.

Students are graded based on their lowest score, and to earn a First Class, one must have A grades in all five courses—Civil Litigation, Criminal Litigation, Corporate Law, Professional Ethics and Skills, and Property Law. With such a system, my doubts were understandable. I even cried at times because it felt like everything could go wrong.

However, I reminded myself that during my undergraduate studies, I had achieved a perfect 5.0 CGPA three different times. That gave me hope and strengthened my belief that I could succeed again.

What was it like combining school with work, internships or other responsibilities?

I am currently working at Banwo and Ighodalo as an NYSC Associate. While I was in school, I consciously kept my priorities in order. My scale of preference was: academics, competitions, internships, and extracurricular activities.

Now that I have completed my studies, I can devote my full attention to my work as a lawyer.

What habit or mindset contributed the most to your academic achievement?

I shunned all forms of examination malpractice, and this made me study with determination, knowing that failure was the only alternative if I did not prepare adequately. I often sat in the front row, directly in front of the invigilator, as a reflection of my confidence in honest preparation.

The key habits that guided me were diligence, perseverance, integrity, hard work, and trusting God.

I battled imposter syndrome to bag first class — Ajieh Chukwuamaka

What inspired you to study Law?

I completed my primary education at Graceville International School, Asaba, and my secondary education at Queen’s College, Yaba, Lagos. I studied Law at Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, where I graduated with a First Class, and proceeded to the Nigerian Law School, Kano Campus, where I also graduated with a First Class.

I did not initially have a clear inspiration to study Law. Like many outspoken and bold children, I was often told I would make a good lawyer. Also, because I did not enjoy Mathematics and was unwilling to pursue a course I considered less prestigious, I embraced the idea of studying Law.

However, my passion for Law became genuine after I experienced injustice firsthand without the resources to seek legal redress for myself and my family. That experience shaped my perspective and solidified my decision to pursue Law as a meaningful career.

What was the highlight of your experience studying Law?

The highlight of my experience was my final year at Nnamdi Azikiwe University and my time at the Nigerian Law School.

My final year was the most stable academic session I experienced. I took courses I enjoyed and challenged myself with others like Tax Law. It was a turning point, as I finally operated at a pace that allowed me to thrive, leading to my best academic performance.

My law school experience, though intense, was equally transformative. Studying in Kano State exposed me to a new environment, diverse people, and different perspectives. It significantly boosted my confidence, as success required deep understanding and application, not just memorisation.

Excelling among peers from different universities also helped me overcome imposter syndrome. It reassured me that my achievements were earned through competence and hard work.

Were there gaps in the system or challenges with lecturers that tested your resilience?

Yes, there were. The academic calendar at Nnamdi Azikiwe University became extremely fast-paced due to efforts to recover lost time from strikes and the COVID-19 pandemic. At one point, we had four semesters in a year instead of the usual two. That was mentally demanding and made it difficult to determine whether I truly understood the material or was simply studying to pass exams.

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Additionally, many lecturers were practising lawyers, which meant lecture schedules were often unpredictable. While this added practical value to our learning, it was challenging, as classes could be fixed on short notice.

What was it like combining school with work, internships or other responsibilities?

It was manageable because I focused on internships during school breaks, while virtual ones were scheduled conveniently.

However, balancing school with my fashion business was more challenging. I used my skills as a designer to earn income while studying. Despite this, I always prioritised my academics whenever there was a conflict.

What habit or mindset contributed the most to your academic achievement?

One key habit was going beyond surface-level understanding. I made a conscious effort to study concepts in context. For every legal principle, I read the relevant sections of the law in full, including surrounding provisions, to understand their scope and application. I applied the same approach to case law.

I also developed the habit of simplifying and paraphrasing concepts in my own words while preserving their meaning. This ensured I truly understood what I was studying and could express it clearly in exams.

Additionally, I maintained a positive mindset and surrounded myself with like-minded friends. My faith also played a vital role, helping me stay calm, focused, and grounded throughout my academic journey.

I didn’t compete with anyone — Emmanuella Otu

Tell us about your background and what inspired you to study law.

I am a double First Class law graduate of Nnamdi Azikiwe University and the Nigerian Law School, Port Harcourt campus. I am the only daughter, and I was born in Lagos State before my family relocated to the East, where I spent most of my life. I completed my primary education at the National Root Crops Research Institute, Umuahia, Abia State; and my secondary education at Federal Government College, Okigwe, Imo State. I graduated from Nnamdi Azikiwe University in 2024 and completed Law School in 2025.

Interestingly, when I was just two years old, someone told my parents that I looked like I would become a lawyer. They often reminded me of this as I grew up. When it was time to choose between Arts and Science in JSS3, many expected me to choose Science because I performed well academically. However, I took time to reflect, discussed it with my parents, and ultimately decided to study Law.

My dad would often call me a “mathematical lawyer,” expressing his belief that I would excel in any field I chose. Another subtle influence was a prolonged legal case that frequently took my father away from home. As a child, this bothered me, and I thought studying Law would allow me to “handle the case properly.” Looking back now, that reasoning makes me smile, but it played a role in shaping my decision.

How would you describe your experience studying law at the university?

It was a full and dynamic journey with many layers. From my first year, I was deeply involved in a wide range of activities, including faculty and university politics, competitions, clubs, mooting, and writing. I also ran a business alongside my studies.

That made me a very active student. There was always something to do, somewhere to be, or a task to complete. By God’s grace, I was able to navigate it all. It required courage, hard work, compromise, and resilience, but I am grateful that it all paid off.

Somehow, I still graduated with a First Class. Even I cannot fully explain how, but I believe that what seems impossible is often closer to reality than we think.

As a female student, did you ever feel the need to prove yourself more than your male counterparts?

No, I never saw myself as being in competition with anyone. I focused on my own journey and on expressing my unique strengths.

I believe that embracing femininity and recognising the power within it is key to defining our place in the world. In both my university and law school, I did not experience discrimination or limited opportunities based on gender. While subtle biases may exist in some environments, they were not significant in my experience.

That said, I would love to see more women in leadership roles, especially in academic settings, where they have the capacity to lead.

What does graduating with a First Class as a woman mean to you?

It is a reminder that there are no limits to what I can achieve. It is both an encouragement and a reward for years of hard work and sacrifice.

There were moments I could have chosen to relax, but I stayed committed to my goals. Seeing the results now is deeply fulfilling. I am also grateful to serve as a source of inspiration to others, especially young women who look up to me.

A first class represents excellence, but being a woman with a first class, represents legacy; and I am proud to carry that.

Achieving double first class changed how I see myself — Ndukwu Kaosisochukwu

Was there a defining moment when you realised you could graduate with a first class?

The defining moment dates back to my 300 level at the university. I had a revelation from God that I had been given academic dominion. Before then, I had been an average student in secondary school.

When that revelation came, it took time for me to fully believe it and accept that I could achieve a first class, and even emerge as the best in my class. But over time, that conviction grew stronger, and I began to run with the vision God gave me. I eventually graduated from the university with a CGPA of 4.84, emerging as the best in my class, the best female graduating law student, and the student with the highest recorded CGPA in my faculty at the time.

However, law school tested that conviction. I struggled with feelings of inadequacy, fear and constant worry. I cried a lot during that period because I felt immense pressure to prove that my university result was not a fluke. At some point, I even avoided telling people about my first class because I felt I was underperforming and didn’t want to raise expectations.

It wasn’t until after my exams that I regained my confidence. For four months before the release of the law school results, I was already giving thanks to God for a first class. Once again, God fulfilled His promise, and I graduated with a first class.

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What inspired you to study law?

I grew up in an academic environment. My parents are doctors, and that experience played a significant role in shaping my academic journey.

I was not particularly outstanding academically while growing up. I struggled with Mathematics and needed extra coaching from my mother just to perform at an average level. I also faced some health challenges that affected my performance. Among my siblings, I was the lowest-performing during my early years, and I was comfortable with that.

My turning point came in senior secondary school when I published my first book, ‘If You Looked Inside A Girl’, which emerged as the first runner-up for the ANA/NECO Teen Author Prose Prize. That achievement made me realise I had potential.

Initially, I wanted to study English Literature because of my passion for writing, and I even imagined becoming a professor in that field. However, I was strongly advised to study law instead, as it was seen as a more prestigious and financially rewarding option. I eventually agreed, especially because I realised I could still pursue writing alongside law.

My interest in law deepened through reading legal novels, watching law-themed films, and observing the profession in practice. By the time I started studying law, I found it genuinely interesting. Participating in moot court activities and joining the Intellectual Property Club further strengthened my passion.

What was the highlight of your experience studying law?

One of the biggest highlights of my journey was being named the Best Graduating Student of my faculty in 2025, and also emerging as the Best Graduating Female Student in the university. It felt like a confirmation of everything I had believed and worked towards.

I vividly remember the joy in my home when a lecturer confirmed my final CGPA. My parents and I danced around the house. During my convocation, despite my preference for a quiet celebration, my parents went all out—they put up a large banner in my faculty, printed customised materials, and hosted a big celebration.

Another major highlight was successfully maintaining my first class and replicating that success at law school. Making my parents proud again meant a lot to me.

Did gender expectations shape your experience in any way?

Not significantly. I never approached my journey with the mindset of achieving “as a woman” or trying to prove a point. My drive came from a personal desire to discover my capabilities and meet the high standards I set for myself. My success was not about breaking barriers, but about striving to excel.

How has achieving a double first class shaped your identity and ambition?

Achieving a double first class has given me a strong sense of conviction that with discipline and focus, I can excel in any endeavour. It’s almost hard to remember the version of myself who lacked ambition or didn’t see herself as exceptional.

This achievement has raised my expectations for myself and strengthened my drive to pursue bigger goals. I am passionate about making an impact through my writing and in the academic space, and my results have reinforced my belief that these goals are attainable.

I am determined to reach the full extent of my potential, and I’m excited about the next phase of my life.

I refused to settle for less than excellence — Arumeze Chisom

Tell us about your background and what inspired you to study law.

I am from Akegbe-Ugwu in Nkanu West LGA, Enugu State. My parents are traders. Growing up, people often suggested different career paths for me. Many thought I should become a radio presenter, while others believed I was smart enough to study medicine. They were quite surprised when I chose the arts.

Truthfully, I was not entirely certain about the path I wanted to take. What I did know, however, was that I had a strong interest in protecting the rights of women and children. Academically, I performed well throughout primary and secondary school, consistently ranking among the top students. Despite this, I struggled with confidence and often downplayed my achievements. Whenever I came first, I would convince myself it was because the environment was not competitive enough, and that I had simply been lucky. I was afraid of leaving that environment because I doubted my ability to compete with what I considered “truly intelligent” people.

In 2019, my father insisted that I register for the Unified Tertiary Matriculation Examination. I was 15 at the time and initially resisted because I was unsure of what to study. He not only ensured I registered but also chose law as my preferred course. I made a personal deal with myself that if I gained admission into the Faculty of Law at Nnamdi Azikiwe University, it would mean I had competed with the best and proven I belonged among them. As it turned out, I got in.

Before then, I had no real interest in studying law. So, I would say my father’s desire to have a lawyer in the family—especially as the first person in his lineage to attend a tertiary institution—was a major influence. Of course, I also came to appreciate that law is a noble profession that opens doors across various industries.

Did you employ any unconventional study methods?

Not particularly. I stayed consistent, studied daily, and practised past questions, just as advised. I also taught others when I could, as teaching helped reinforce my understanding. These are fairly common strategies among law students.

However, one thing I took very seriously was rest. Our lecturers emphasised that fatigue and tension were major causes of failure. I made sure my schedule allowed for both study and adequate rest. On days when I couldn’t sleep, I deliberately relaxed by watching movies to ease anxiety.

I also surrounded myself with the right people and engaged in discussions, which helped deepen my understanding. Additionally, I focused on understanding how to present answers effectively, as I realised that knowing the material alone was not enough; presentation mattered just as much.

Did you ever experience self-doubt, and how did you push through it?

Yes, constantly. My doubt was not about passing the Bar exams, but about achieving a first class. From the first day, seeing others answer questions with ease made me feel unprepared.

After a pre-Bar exam where I lost marks due to poor presentation despite knowing the answers, my confidence dropped significantly. I began to dismiss the idea of a first class.

To overcome that, I started preparing for tests during weekends. That experience boosted my confidence and reignited my drive for excellence. Each week, I pushed myself to do better.

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I also leaned on supportive colleagues and reminded myself that trying and failing was better than not trying at all. On difficult days, I engaged in activities outside my routine to lift my mood.

Above all, I committed my journey to God. I realised that fear limits potential, so I consciously chose to believe that achieving a double first class was possible, and that belief made all the difference.

What was it like combining law school with other responsibilities?

I was fully immersed in my studies during law school. I had a remote job before resuming, but I had to quit because it would have been too demanding to balance both effectively.

There was a particularly difficult period when my father faced a serious health challenge. As the first child, I felt a responsibility to step in, but my family ensured I remained focused on my studies by relieving me of those burdens.

Aside from that, I did not combine law school with other commitments. I dedicated the entire year to it, participating only in the required court and law firm attachments.

What habits or mindset contributed the most to your success?

One key mindset was aiming higher than the minimum. If I needed 70 to secure an A, I prepared as though I needed 100. That way, even if I lost marks, I would still meet my target.

I also surrounded myself with like-minded individuals whose progress motivated me to keep going. Another driving force was my desire to stand out.

Some people argued that a first class does not guarantee success, but my perspective was simple: neither does a lower grade. So, why not aim for the highest possible achievement?

Ultimately, striving for excellence gave me a deep sense of fulfillment and opened doors for me. I reminded myself that others had achieved this before, so it was possible. Despite my doubts, I chose to try, and I succeeded.

I was overwhelmed but didn’t quit — Ukwe Florence

What first inspired you to study law?

My name is Ukwe Florence. I come from a family of eight. My dad is a priest, and my mum is a lecturer with a doctorate in English. I am the fifth of six children, so I grew up in a structured, education-focused environment. Most of my older siblings went into professional fields, which shaped how I viewed career paths early on.

I was born and raised in Imo State, where I completed my primary and secondary education. I was a strong student, particularly in the arts, so I naturally leaned in that direction.

To be honest, there wasn’t a dramatic moment that inspired me to study law. It was more of a natural progression; law seemed like what top arts students pursued at the time. I was also influenced by my sister, who was studying law then and is now a lawyer. That exposure made the path feel more familiar and attainable.

What part of your law school journey stretched you the most?

The most challenging part of my law school journey was balancing academics with responsibilities I couldn’t put on hold. While many people focused solely on law school, that wasn’t my reality.

At the time, I was planning the a girls’ conference, which was quite demanding. I was also mentoring about 30 young women, meeting them every Friday for two hours. In addition, I served as Vice President of the Christian Law Students’ Fellowship of Nigeria. While those roles were manageable, the conference planning and mentorship were intense.

At one point, during court attachment, I broke down in tears in court. We were struggling with funding, plans were falling through, and at the same time, I felt guilty for not reading as much as I should. The pressure from both sides was overwhelming.

On top of that, law school itself demands daily consistency. There were days I was physically unwell but still had to read to keep up. It wasn’t just academic pressure; it was learning to function effectively despite everything else.

Another major challenge was the volume of reading. The workload is intense, as what you cover in a day in law school could easily take weeks in university. Initially, it was overwhelming trying to process and retain so much information. But over time, I adjusted, built discipline, and found my rhythm.

Did you ever experience self-doubt, and how did you overcome it?

Yes, I did. I think everyone experiences that at some point in law school.

One period that stands out was during chamber attachment. I felt I wasn’t reading enough, and it triggered panic. I remember going out with a friend one day, and when I returned, I broke down in tears because I hadn’t read.

That fear led to a cycle of self-doubt. I began forgetting even simple things, and that further shook my confidence.

What helped me was my faith. Prayer grounded me and helped me manage the anxiety. I also watched YouTube videos of first-class graduates sharing their journeys. Hearing their stories made me realise that my struggles were normal.

There was also a moment after a Criminal Litigation exam when I became extremely anxious about my performance. I had to step away, find a quiet space, and release the tension. After that, I prayed, calmed down, and moved on.

After the conference, I intentionally cut off distractions. I stayed off social media to maximise my study time. My mindset was simple: once I finished any responsibility, I went straight back to my books.

What habits or mindset contributed the most to your academic achievement?

One key habit was visualisation. Almost every night before sleeping, I imagined achieving my goal— telling my parents I made a first class, calling my friends, and celebrating the moment. Over time, it felt real, and that kept me motivated daily.

Another strategy was active recall. After learning a case, I repeatedly brought it to mind throughout the day by recalling facts, principles and applications. That helped with retention.

I also prioritised sleep during exams. Initially, it didn’t make sense, but I found that being well-rested improved my clarity and ability to analyse questions effectively.

Consistency was crucial too. I read every day and stayed engaged in class.

Finally, I constantly listened to testimonies of people who had achieved first class. I even downloaded and repeatedly watched a video of one graduate sharing her journey. It reinforced my mindset and kept me focused, especially during high-pressure periods.

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Education

MURIC kicks against hijab ban in Nigerian law schools

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Muslim Rights Concern, MURIC, has expressed displeasure over the ban on female Muslim students from wearing hijab at Nigerian law schools.

The organisation described the development as sad and unfortunate.

MURIC, in a statement signed by its Executive Director, Professor Isiaq Akintola, on Sunday, alleged that female Muslim students in law schools across the country were, on Saturday, barred from wearing hijab.

He added that the students were intimidated and harassed, condemning the action of the Nigerian law schools’ authorities.

Akintola called for the suspension of all examinations at law schools across the country, pending investigation into the matter.

He said, “There was harassment and intimidation of hijab-wearing female Muslim students in some Law School examination halls across the country yesterday, Saturday, 31st October, 2026.

‎”Hijabites who came hoping to sit for their call to bar final examinations were disallowed from entering the examination halls. In some places, they were forced to remain standing outside for about one hour until they removed their hijabs before they were allowed to enter and start the examination.

‎”While this was going on, our office was inundated with telephone calls, text messages and chats. We heard the cries of traumatised candidates, the lamentations of distressed parents, hundreds of kilometres away from the examination centres and the agitation of concerned Muslims around the country.

“MURIC strongly condemns the wanton disruption of the lawful educational pursuit of innocent Muslim ladies. It is crude, irrational and sadistic.”

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SEE FULL LIST: Top 10 affordable countries for international students

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Pursuing higher education abroad can be expensive, but several countries offer international students relatively affordable tuition fees and living costs.

Popular options include Malaysia, Poland, Hungary and Italy, where students can access a range of academic programmes at different price points.

For Nigerian students planning to study overseas, comparing tuition, accommodation, visa requirements and scholarship opportunities is essential before choosing a destination.

The top 10 countries unveiled as reported by Microsoft’s online news platform, MSN on Thursday

1. Malaysia

Malaysia is an attractive destination for students seeking affordable tuition and lower living expenses. Annual tuition fees can range from $4,000 to $12,000, while monthly living costs may fall between $330 and $660. English-taught programmes are available in fields such as business, finance and engineering.

2. Poland

Poland offers a range of English-taught degree programmes at relatively affordable rates. Annual tuition can range from $4,500 to $12,000, while monthly living expenses are estimated at $600 to $930. Some programmes taught in Polish may be tuition-free for eligible students.

3. Hungary

Hungary combines affordable university education with a growing selection of English-taught programmes. Tuition fees can range from $5,000 to $12,000 annually, while monthly living costs may fall between $500 and $1,000. Eligible international students can also explore government-funded scholarships.

4. Italy

Italy offers relatively affordable public university programmes, with tuition fees varying according to the institution, course and available exemptions. English-taught master’s programmes are available in business, engineering and other fields. Students should also investigate regional scholarships and financial assistance.

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5. Portugal

Portugal attracts international students with its moderate living expenses and expanding selection of English-taught postgraduate programmes. Tuition can range from $3,500 to $10,000 annually, while monthly living expenses may cost between $600 and $900. Portuguese proficiency remains important for many undergraduate programmes.

6. France

France offers subsidised public higher education, although international students may pay differentiated tuition fees depending on their programme and eligibility for exemptions. Monthly living costs can range from $850 to $1,600, with Paris generally more expensive than regional cities. Scholarships can help reduce the overall cost.

7. Czech Republic

The Czech Republic offers tuition-free public university programmes taught in Czech, subject to applicable conditions. English-taught programmes generally charge tuition fees, which can range from $4,500 to $11,000 annually. Monthly living expenses are estimated at $600 to $900.

8. Spain

Spain provides international students with a variety of academic programmes, including courses taught in English. Annual tuition can range from $8,000 to $13,500, while monthly living costs may fall between $900 and $1,100. Students may find more affordable accommodation outside major cities such as Madrid and Barcelona.

9. Mexico

Mexico offers academic opportunities at public and private universities, with costs varying considerably between institutions. Private university tuition can range from $6,000 to $12,000 annually, while monthly living expenses may range from $600 to $1,200. Spanish proficiency is important for many programmes, particularly at public institutions.

10. Norway

Norway is known for its high academic standards, but it is no longer a generally tuition-free destination for students from outside the European Union and European Economic Area. Tuition fees for these students can be substantial, and living expenses are also high. Applicants should confirm the fees charged by their chosen institution before applying.

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Tuition & Living Costs by Country

What students should know before applying

The cost of studying abroad depends on more than tuition fees. Students should budget for accommodation, food, transportation, health insurance, visa applications, and flights.

They should also check the language of instruction, scholarship availability, work restrictions and post-study opportunities before choosing a destination.

For Nigerian applicants, comparing the total cost in naira and preparing for exchange-rate changes can help avoid financial difficulties during the admission process.

Source: punchng.com

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States hold N264bn UBEC funds as schools struggle, read details

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State governments across Nigeria have left N264.12bn in Universal Basic Education Commission (UBEC) matching grants unspent, even as public schools grapple with dilapidated classrooms, overcrowding and shortages of learning materials, raising concerns about the utilisation of funds meant to improve basic education.

The 2025 UBEC Annual Report, exclusively obtained by The PUNCH, showed that the funds had been disbursed to State Universal Basic Education Boards but remained unexpended in state government accounts as of July 21, 2025, when the commission conducted financial monitoring visits across the states and the Federal Capital Territory.

Benue State recorded the highest unspent balance of N19.18bn, followed by Imo with N14.12bn, Osun with N14.02bn, Kwara with N13.99bn and Delta with N13.40bn. The five states accounted for N74.72bn, representing about 28.3 per cent of the total.

The findings come amid persistent challenges in the public education system, with pupils in some communities learning in dilapidated buildings, overcrowded classrooms and makeshift structures. In Benue and Kwara, for instance, residents and education stakeholders described deteriorating school facilities and stalled or inadequate interventions, highlighting the gap between funds reported as unspent and the urgent needs of public schools.

Human rights lawyer, Femi Falana, SAN, criticised the failure to utilise funds intended for basic education, accusing governors of neglecting poor children. He also urged state governments to deploy released intervention funds and fulfil the requirements for accessing counterpart grants.

Falana, who cited a Federal High Court judgment on the obligation of governments to provide free, compulsory and universal basic education, called for greater accountability in the management of education funds and measures to ensure that children have access to schooling.

The unspent balances span different administrations, including outgoing and incumbent governors. However, the report does not break down how much each administration received, inherited or failed to utilise.

According to the report, the funds had been disbursed to State Universal Basic Education Boards but remained unspent in state accounts at the time of UBEC’s financial monitoring visits.

Benue tops list

Benue recorded the highest unutilised balance, at N19.18bn, followed by Imo with N14.12bn and Osun with N14.02bn.

Kwara had N13.99bn, while Delta recorded N13.40bn. Other states with substantial unspent balances were Borno, with N13.20bn; Anambra, N12.67bn; and Kano, N12.15bn.

Adamawa recorded N11.38bn, while Gombe had N11.09bn. In all, 10 states had more than N11bn each in unutilised matching grants.

In the North-Central, apart from Benue and Kwara, Kogi recorded N7.60bn, Plateau N6.98bn, Nasarawa N6.75bn and Niger N3.62bn. The Federal Capital Territory had N5.67bn.

In the South-East, Imo and Anambra recorded N14.12bn and N12.67bn, respectively. Abia had N8.64bn, Enugu N5.03bn and Ebonyi N2.81bn.

In the South-West, Osun led with N14.02bn, followed by Ekiti with N8.40bn. Ogun recorded N5.26bn, Oyo N5.09bn, Ondo N3.48bn and Lagos N1.85bn.

In the South-South, Delta recorded N13.40bn, followed by Akwa Ibom with N8.09bn. Edo had N2.48bn, Cross River N2.47bn, Bayelsa N1.60bn and Rivers N329.28m.

In the North-East, Borno recorded N13.20bn, Adamawa N11.38bn and Gombe N11.09bn. Yobe had N4.37bn, while Taraba recorded N168.48m.

In the North-West, Kano had N12.15bn, Jigawa N7.92bn, Kebbi N7.21bn, Kaduna N7.09bn and Zamfara N7.03bn. Katsina recorded N6.15bn, while Sokoto had N1.96bn.

Bauchi recorded N825.99m, making it one of only three states with unutilised balances below N1bn, alongside Rivers and Taraba.

The state-by-state figures underscore the scale of unspent education funding across the federation. However, the report does not establish why the individual states failed to utilise the funds or whether the balances have changed since the monitoring visits.

Funds remain unspent

The unutilised grants come amid persistent challenges in Nigeria’s basic education sector, including dilapidated classrooms, overcrowding, shortages of learning materials and unequal access to quality schooling.

The Federal Ministry of Education’s Nigeria Education Statistics 2024 portal put the national learner-to-classroom ratio at 60.1, above the benchmark of 35 learners per classroom. Some states recorded significantly higher ratios, although the dataset has limitations because not all schools submitted information.

The figures highlight the need for greater investment in school infrastructure and learning facilities. However, the unspent balances alone do not establish how many classrooms could have been built or rehabilitated with the funds.

Depending on approved action plans and state-specific needs, the grants can support classroom construction and renovation, the provision of desks and instructional materials, sanitation facilities and teacher development.

Determining the number of projects that could have been delivered would, however, require details of approved budgets, procurement costs, project specifications and expenditure categories.

The central concern is that funds intended to improve basic education had been disbursed but remained unspent at the time of UBEC’s monitoring visits.

How grants work

The Universal Basic Education Commission administers federal intervention funds to support the delivery of basic education across Nigeria.

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Under the matching grant arrangement, state governments are generally required to provide counterpart funding equivalent to 50 per cent of the relevant project cost and submit approved action plans before accessing the federal contribution.

The scheme is designed to ensure that states share responsibility for financing basic education rather than relying solely on federal intervention.

The grants support approved projects aimed at improving access to and the quality of primary and junior secondary education, including school infrastructure, learning facilities and other basic education interventions.

However, the balances in the UBEC report relate to funds that had already been disbursed but remained unspent. They are distinct from grants that states could not access because they failed to provide the required counterpart funding.

The distinction raises questions about project planning, procurement, contract execution, financial oversight and the capacity of state education agencies to implement approved programmes within reasonable timelines.

Administrations face accountability

The unspent balances also raise questions about continuity and accountability in the management of public education funds during changes in political leadership.

Because the figures span different periods, responsibility cannot automatically be assigned solely to the governors in office when UBEC conducted its monitoring visits.

Outgoing administrations may have left unspent balances for their successors, while incumbent governments may have inherited funds without completing the projects for which they were earmarked.

Establishing responsibility would require details of when each tranche was released, which administration received or inherited it, the projects approved, expenditure incurred, implementation deadlines and outstanding balances at the end of each administration.

State governments and SUBEBs should also explain whether contracts were awarded, contractors mobilised to project sites, projects completed but not fully accounted for, or funds subsequently returned or reallocated under the applicable rules.

The figures do not, on their own, establish that the money was stolen or diverted. They show that the funds had not been expended and remained in state accounts at the time of UBEC’s monitoring visits.

Nevertheless, prolonged non-utilisation of earmarked funds warrants scrutiny, given that children’s access to adequate schooling depends partly on the timely implementation of public education programmes.

UBEC raises concerns

UBEC has previously expressed concern about the management of intervention funds at the state level.

In July 2025, the commission’s Executive Secretary, Dr Aisha Garba, reportedly identified several challenges, including slow utilisation of matching grants, non-compliance with fund utilisation guidelines, alleged diversion of funds, failure to deduct and remit taxes, breaches of due process in contract awards and failure to adhere to approved action plans.

The concerns were raised during a financial management training programme for SUBEB directors of finance and accounts, internal auditors and matching grant desk officers from the states and the Federal Capital Territory.

The commission’s concerns underscore the difference between releasing funds and ensuring that they deliver the intended benefits.

While training officials in financial management and procurement procedures may help address capacity gaps, it cannot, on its own, guarantee timely project delivery or measurable improvements in schools.

The N264.12bn in unspent grants therefore raises questions about whether stronger monitoring, clear implementation deadlines and more effective accountability measures are needed to ensure that the funds are used for their intended purpose.

Dilapidated Benue schools

Despite the N19.18bn in unutilised Universal Basic Education Commission matching grants reported in Benue State, stakeholders have expressed concern over the deteriorating condition of public primary schools across the state.

A political office holder, who spoke on condition of anonymity, questioned why the state government had not deployed the funds to rehabilitate schools, particularly those damaged by years of attacks by suspected herders.

“Benue State has suffered a lot from Fulani herdsmen attacks, and several schools were destroyed in the process. My concern is, if the state government has this amount of money, why is it difficult to channel it towards renovating or rebuilding our schools?” he said.

However, a local government chairman from the Benue North-East Senatorial District, who also requested anonymity, disputed the suggestion that the reported balance indicated wrongdoing. He claimed that the funds were part of a World Bank-assisted education programme and said their utilisation was awaiting the provision of templates for approved projects.

“It’s not an issue of corruption. The fund is a World Bank-assisted programme, and it is not peculiar to Benue alone. The World Bank is yet to release the funds because it is waiting for templates upon which the money is going to be spent,” he said.

The council chairman added that he had heard that the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission was investigating the matter.

“Though, we heard that the EFCC is investigating the issue,” he told our correspondent in a telephone interview on Wednesday.

Other local government chairmen, who spoke on condition of anonymity, also attributed the poor state of some public schools to years of attacks on communities, saying several school buildings had been destroyed and required reconstruction or renovation.

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“You know that the state has been under the grip of Fulani herdsmen attacks for years. Most of the schools in the affected communities were destroyed and needed either total reconstruction or renovation,” one of them said.

The poor condition of some schools has also drawn attention from civic groups. An online media organisation recently cited a report by civic technology organisation MonITNG, which accused relevant authorities in Benue of failing to address the dilapidated state of a public school in Ushongo Local Government Area.

According to the report, RCM Primary School in Adikpo, Mayange Mbayan, Ushongo LGA, had been abandoned since 2023. Residents were said to have written several letters to relevant authorities seeking its renovation, but their appeals had yet to yield results.

“Behind these broken walls are innocent children with dreams, ambitions and a future worth fighting for,” MonITNG was quoted as saying.

Pupils of LGA Primary School, Nbegha, in Buruku LGA, have also continued to receive lessons in difficult conditions more than eight years after a windstorm damaged parts of the school building.

Efforts to obtain comments from the state Commissioner for Education, Dr Margaret Adamu, were unsuccessful, as she did not respond to calls. The Executive Secretary of the State Universal Basic Education Board, Dr Grace Adagba, who had earlier asked our correspondent to contact her via WhatsApp, also did not respond to enquiries.

Adeleke unable to access UBEC funds

Osun State Commissioner for Education, Dipo Eluwole, attributed the state’s inability to access fresh UBEC matching grants to its financial difficulties, saying the government could not afford the required counterpart funding.

Speaking with one of our correspondents on Wednesday, Eluwole said monthly allocations due to local government areas in the state had been withheld since February 2025, leaving Governor Ademola Adeleke’s administration to run the government largely on state allocations.

The commissioner said Adeleke had cleared outstanding counterpart-funding obligations covering five years after assuming office in 2022, enabling the state to access grants for those years.

“When Governor Ademola Adeleke assumed office, the last time counterpart funds were paid for Osun State to access UBEC funds was in 2018. On assumption of office, he went to the Universal Basic Education Commission, collected the data and offset the funds for 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022 and 2023. He paid them off,” Eluwole said.

He said the state was now struggling to raise the required counterpart funding, which he put at N3.5bn in the previous year and about N2.7bn in the current year.

“It is when the state pays the counterpart funds that UBEC releases its own matching grant. Since February last year, Osun local government allocations have not been paid,” he said.

Eluwole said the alleged withholding of local government allocations had placed additional financial pressure on the state government, which he said had taken over responsibilities previously funded from local government resources. These include the salaries of primary and junior secondary school teachers, local government workers, pensions and gratuities, health workers’ salaries, medical supplies for government hospitals and the five per cent allocation to traditional rulers.

Explaining the difficulty in raising the counterpart funding, he said the state’s available revenue was being used to meet competing obligations, including debts inherited from the previous administration.

“Counterpart fund for UBEC is supposed to be paid from the local government funds, and the funds have not come. Right from source, from the allocation coming to the state, they will deduct the debt of the previous administration. It is from the balance that the government is using to run its business.

“So, where do you think the governor can get money to pay the counterpart fund? In Osun State, I don’t know of any other state; that is what we are facing here. I am telling you that what we met on ground when we were sworn in, the governor cleared everything,” he said.

The commissioner also cited the financial strain on the state’s School for Persons Living with Disabilities, saying its reopening had been delayed because suppliers were owed for three terms of food and upkeep.

“Do you believe that the School for Persons Living with Disabilities just resumed last week? The money for their feeding and upkeep per term is N46m, and we owe the suppliers for three terms. They refused to supply unless we pay. That is why their resumption was delayed. We can’t put them in the hostel without feeding them. We have just managed to pay for one term now. We begged them to supply the food,” Eluwole said.

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Dilapidated Kwara schools

Dilapidated classrooms, overcrowded learning spaces and stalled renovation projects persist in some public schools across Kwara State, raising questions about the state’s reported N13.99bn in unutilised Universal Basic Education Commission matching grants.

Although the UBEC report does not link the funds to specific schools or projects, the condition of public schools across the state highlights the infrastructure needs facing pupils and raises questions about the extent to which education funding has translated into improved learning facilities.

A March report by The PUNCH documented the deplorable condition of Warah Community Junior Secondary School in Ilorin West Local Government Area, where some classroom ceilings had collapsed, windows were broken, and sections of buildings had peeling paint and deteriorating wooden supports.

Pupils learnt in overcrowded classrooms and makeshift shelters built by community members, with some sitting on bare floors because of inadequate classrooms and furniture.

The school is one example of the wider infrastructure challenges facing public schools in the state.

At Government Day Secondary School, Lafiagi, in Kwara North, photographs obtained by The PUNCH on Wednesday showed dilapidated classrooms in the Universal Basic Education section and a staff room without a ceiling, fan or windows.

Renovation work on the SS2 and SS3 classroom blocks and the examination hall at the school has reportedly remained incomplete since it began in 2025.

The situation has left some senior students without dedicated classrooms, forcing different groups to share available spaces, including science laboratories, for lessons.

A resident of Warah and member of the school’s education committee, Alhaji Isiaka Warah, said the community had repeatedly written to relevant authorities about the school’s condition without receiving the needed intervention.

“I am part of the school’s management committee that meets regularly with the principal. We have written several letters to the appropriate authorities, but there has been no response so far,” he said.

The infrastructure challenges come as the UBEC report ranked Kwara fourth among states with the highest reported unutilised matching grant balances, behind Benue with N19.18bn, Imo with N14.12bn and Osun with N14.02bn. Delta ranked fifth with N13.40bn.

However, the Chairman of the Kwara State Universal Basic Education Board, Raheem Adaramaja, disputed the reported figure when contacted by The PUNCH on Wednesday.

“I don’t know the source. However, it is not true,” he said.

Asked to provide the state’s current balance or records detailing the amount available and its utilisation, Adaramaja said, “We don’t have delay utilisation of funds,” but did not provide an alternative figure or supporting documents.

His response leaves unresolved the discrepancy between the UBEC report and the state board’s position, including how much in grants Kwara has accessed, spent or retained.

In 2022, while responding to a media report, Adaramaja said the state government had inherited more than 2,000 dilapidated school structures and paid N7.1bn in counterpart funding for the 2014–2019 period to access UBEC matching grants.

“The new administration paid a whopping N7.1bn counterpart funds for years 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, and 2019 to access the UBEC matching grants for those years,” he said in a statement at the time.

However, the historical account did not explain the N13.99bn balance subsequently reported by UBEC or establish how much of the grants accessed under the earlier arrangement had been spent on completed projects.

Meanwhile, Governor AbdulRahman AbdulRazaq recently announced donations totalling N180m for Islamic education, research and academic development as Az-Zumratul Adabiyyah School of Arabic and Islamic Studies, Ilorin, marked its centenary.

The donations, announced at the institution’s 100th anniversary celebration on October 12, included N50m to Ansarul Islam Society from the governor in his capacity as Sardauna of Ilorin, another N50m on behalf of the AbdulRazaq family, and N50m from the Kwara State Government to Muhammed Kamaldeen University, Ilorin, to support research and educational advancement.

The remaining N30m was earmarked for scholarships for 30 students. The Senior Special Assistant to the Governor on Communications, Ibraheem Abdullateef, provided the breakdown in a Facebook post, quoting the governor as saying the university donation was intended to strengthen research and academic development.

The donations were for Islamic education, university support and scholarships and do not establish the availability or allocation of funds for public basic school infrastructure. However, they come amid questions about the resources available to address the needs of public schools across the state.

The Commissioner for Education and Human Capital Development, Lawal Olohungbebe, promised to respond to enquiries from The PUNCH but had yet to do so as of the time of filing this report. Attempts to reach the governor were also unsuccessful.

Source: punchng.com

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